Gandhi was best known as “Mahatma,” an honorific title meaning “Great Soul,” bestowed on him by people of India because of his reputation for self‐sacrifice and saintly conduct. The term is not usually given to politicians, but Gandhi earned it even before 1919 when he assumed leadership of the Indian struggle for independence from British colonial rule. Born on October 2, 1869 in the city of Porbandar on the western coast of India, his family was relatively affluent but of the vaisya caste which ranks third in the hierarchical order of Hindu society. He graduated from an anglicized high school in 1887 at the nearby town of Rajkot, having married four years earlier to Kasturbai Makanji (1869–1944) when they were both only 13. They eventually had four sons: Harilal (1888), Manilal (1892), Ramdas (1897), and Devadas (1900). As Gandhi makes clear in his autobiography, his personal life remained intimately interwoven with his career as a social and political reformer. His immediate family not only joined in his causes, but went to jail with him.