Consecutive monitoring of lifelong production of conidia by individual conidiophores of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei on barley leaves by digital microscopic techniques with electrostatic micromanipulation

Moriura, Nobuyuki; Matsuda, Yoshinori; Oichi, Wataru; Nakashima, Shinya; Hirai, Takeshi; Sameshima, Takeshi; Nonomura, Teruo; Kakutani, Koji; Kusakari, Shin-ichi; Higashi, K.; Toyoda, Hideyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2005.09.007

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This contact stimulus could also be produced by directly touching mature conidia on conidiophores with a glass needle (Wright et al 2000;Oichi et al 2006) or with an electrified insulator probe (Moriura et al 2006;Nonomura et al 2009). Interestingly, Wright et al (2000) reported that the germination of barley powdery mildew conidia was triggered by touching them with a glass needle, and that the primary germ tube emerged from the touched side of the conidia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Takikawa

Kakutani

et al. 2011

Mycoscience

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The emergence of germ tubes from the conidia of powdery mildew fungi is the first morphological event of the infection process, preceding appressoria formation, peg penetration and primary haustoria formation. Germination patterns of the conidia are specific in powdery mildew fungi and therefore considered useful for identification. In the present study, we examined conidial germination of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici KTP-01 in order to clarify whether germ tube emergence site in KTP-01 conidia is determined by the first contact of the conidia to leaves (as found for the conidia of barley powdery mildew), or alternatively is predetermined and is unrelated to contact stimulus. Highly germinative conidia of KTP-01 were collected from conidial pseudochains on conidiophores in colonies on tomato leaves using two methods involving an electrostatic spore attractor and a blower. In the electrostatic spore attraction method, the conidia were attracted to the electrified insulator probe of the spore collector-this being the first contact stimulus for the conidia. In addition, the blowing method was used as a model of natural infection; pseudochain conidia were transferred to detached leaves by air (1 m/s) from a blower. Thus, landing on the leaves was the first contact for the conidia. Furthermore, conidia were also blown onto an artificial membrane (Parafilm-coated glass slides forming a hydrophobic surface) or solidified agar plates in Petri dishes (hydrophilic surface). Eventually, almost all conidia on the probe and on tomato leaves or artificial hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces synchronously germinated within 6 h of incubation, indicating that the first contact of the conidia with any of the aforementioned substrata was an effective germination induction signal. Germ tube emergence sites were exclusively subterminal on the conidia. Moreover, the germ tubes emerged without any relation to the sites touched first on the conidia. Thus, the present study strongly indicates that conidia of O. neolycopersici produce germ tubes at a predetermined site.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Takikawa

Kakutani

et al. 2011

Mycoscience

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“…hordei, race 1) were maintained on primary leaves of barley seedlings, as described previously (Moriura et al 2006). Newly produced conidia (R1 conidia) were obtained from powdery mildew colonies 7 d after inoculation and used for the following experiments.…”

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high-fidelity digital microscope has been used in our laboratory to consecutively observe fungal morphogenesis, such as conidiophore formation (Oichi et al 2004Moriura et al 2006;Nonomura et al 2009a) and conidial germination, by the tomato powdery mildew on the leaf surface (Matsuda et al 2005a;Nonomura et al 2009a, b) and dynamic water absorption by leaf surface trichomes of tomato (Nonomura et al 2009b). With this microscopic technique, one could also observe three-dimensional directions of continuous germ tube development by the conidia on the rugged leaf surface of tomato (Nonomura et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic change of appressoria by the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici on host tomato leaves reflects multiple unsuccessful penetration attempts

et al. 2010

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“…A physical method of excluding airborne fungal pathogens and flying pests from greenhouses with good air penetration involves forming an electrostatic barrier; this method reduces the use of agrochemicals such as fungicides and insecticides. The electrostatic method was initially devised to collect mature conidia on powdery mildew conidiophores (Moriura et al, 2006a(Moriura et al, , 2006bNonomura et al, 2009), and the first electrostatic spore precipitator was a screen that created a nonuniform electric field around insulated copper conductor wires arranged in parallel (Matsuda et al, 2006;Shimizu et al, 2007). This field generated an electrostatic force that attracted fungal conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Whitefly Entry from a Greenhouse Entrance by Furnishing an Airflow-Oriented Pre-Entrance Room Guarded with Electric Field Screens

Nonomura¹,

Matsuda²,

Kakutani³

et al. 2014

JAS

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Two types of an electric field screen were used to exclude whiteflies from a greenhouse. Singly charged dipolar electric field screen had insulated conductor iron wires arrayed in parallel (ICW-layer), two earthed metal nets on both sides of the ICW-layer, and a direct current voltage generator. Screens were attached to the lateral windows of the greenhouse to repel whiteflies that approached the nets. To electrostatically guard the greenhouse entrance, doubly charged dipolar electric field screens (DD-screens) were used to capture whiteflies entering through the door. The ICWs, oppositely charged with equal voltages, were arrayed one after the other, and an insulator board or net was placed on one side of the ICW-layer. ICWs captured whiteflies entering an electric field of DD-screens. A small pre-entrance room was constructed at the entrance area, and three DD-screens (with yellow and gray board or gray net) were installed in the pre-entrance room taking into consideration the airflow inside the room, as most whiteflies were brought in by the air when the door was opened. Two DD-screens with the board were useful for directing the wind toward the wall into which the netted DD-screen was integrated. Insects were eliminated by this screen, and the pest-free air was circulated inside the greenhouse. The yellow-boarded DD-screen was highly attractive because of the photo-selective movement of the whiteflies and was effective for trapping the whiteflies when there was no wind. Our electrostatic method is effective at keeping the greenhouse pest-free throughout the entire period of tomato cultivation.

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Consecutive monitoring of lifelong production of conidia by individual conidiophores of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei on barley leaves by digital microscopic techniques with electrostatic micromanipulation

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici initiate germ tubes at a predetermined site

Polymorphic change of appressoria by the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici on host tomato leaves reflects multiple unsuccessful penetration attempts

Prevention of Whitefly Entry from a Greenhouse Entrance by Furnishing an Airflow-Oriented Pre-Entrance Room Guarded with Electric Field Screens

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