Conseil et développement de carrière tout au long de la vie

The changing economic order: Implications of economic disparities for counseling psychologists.

“…Career development theories also emphasize that a structure of opportunity is available to all individuals if they simply work hard enough (Gysbers et al, 2003). This tenet coincides with the meritocracy myth discussed earlier in this chapter.…”

“…In the United States, social inequities and economic disparities, along with the harsh reality associated with these disparities, are directly exemplified in the world of work (Blustein, McWhirter, & Perry, 2005). The educational opportunities, exposure to role models, career aspirations, and perceptions of one's opportunity structure are all closely linked to an individual's social class (Blustein, 2006;Gysbers, Heppner, & Johnston, 2003). These factors, in turn, affect the development of a social status identity as an individual emerges into adulthood (Lapour & Heppner, 2009).…”

“…It is noteworthy that this was also the time period in which many of the vocational theories, assessments, and interventions used in the 21st century originated. Gysbers et al (2003) argued that career services and theories have traditionally focused on providing guidance from a European American, middle-class perspective, reflecting the social and cultural values of this group. They described five key tenets that have informed and influenced career theory, research, and practice in the United States, including (a) individualism and autonomy; (b) affluence; (c) structure of opportunity to all; (d) centrality of work in people's lives; and (e) linearity, progressiveness, and rationality of the career development process.…”

“…They described five key tenets that have informed and influenced career theory, research, and practice in the United States, including (a) individualism and autonomy; (b) affluence; (c) structure of opportunity to all; (d) centrality of work in people's lives; and (e) linearity, progressiveness, and rationality of the career development process. Traditional career theories assume that individuals are economically afforded a choice in their career decision-making process (Gysbers et al, 2003). This tenet of affluence is not applicable to many individuals, particularly for the U.S. working poor.…”

Temporality: A fruitful concept for understanding, studying, and supporting people in transition

“…From this perspective, the key moments of professional life, their sequence, links, and salience occur within a social and historical context that gives them meaning (Cocandeau‐Bellanger, 2011). They are also dependent on experiences and events in other spheres of life (family, social, personal), with links between the times of life, marked by movement and action, and their areas of life (Gysbers et al., 2000).…”