Consequences of dietary energy source and energy level on energy balance, lactogenic hormones, and lactation curve characteristics of cows after a short or omitted dry period

Hoeij, R.J. van; Dijkstra, J.; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.; Gross, Josef Johann; Lam, T.J.G.M.; Remmelink, G.J.; Kemp, B.; Knegsel, A.T.M. van

doi:10.3168/jds.2017-12855

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, effects of dry period length on lactation persistence are ambiguous. Shortening of the dry period was related with an increased lactation persistency in one study (Atashi et al, 2013), but omitting of the dry period reduced lactation persistency in another study (Van Hoeij et al, 2017b). In contrast, Chen et al (2016a) did not find an effect of dry period length (no v. short v. standard) on lactation persistency.…”

Section: Lactation Persistencymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Omitting the dry period not only improved the energy balance in early lactation but resulted also in a more positive energy balance in mid and late lactation (Van Hoeij et al, 2017b). This positive energy balance increased BW ( Figure 1) and body condition score (BCS) at the end of the subsequent lactation (Chen et al, 2016b) after omission of the dry period.…”

Section: Metabolic Status and Energy Balance In Mid And Late Lactationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast, Chen et al (2016a) did not find an effect of dry period length (no v. short v. standard) on lactation persistency. Possibly, differences in effects of dry period length on lactation persistency could be related to differences among studies in energy balance and disease incidence after different dry period lengths, as discussed earlier (Van Hoeij et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Lactation Persistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the risks of a short or no dry period is that cows fatten in late lactation or are not persistent enough to be continuously milked for a second subsequent lactation (Rémond et al, 1997;Chen et al, 2016b). We hypothesised that feeding a lower dietary energy level and a more lipogenic ration from peak milk yield onwards can stimulate lactation persistency and reduce fattening of cows without a dry period (Van Hoeij et al, 2017b). Both dietary strategies (less energy and more lipogenic nutrients) would reduce glucose availability and consequently reduce plasma insulin concentration (Voelker and Allen, 2003;van Knegsel et al, 2005), which reduces glucose channelling to muscle and adipose tissue which prevents fattening.…”

Section: Mid and Late Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review: Dry period length in dairy cows and consequences for metabolism and welfare and customised management strategies

Kok

Chen

Kemp

et al. 2019

Animal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shortening or omitting the dry period improves the energy balance and metabolic status of dairy cows in early lactation. Metabolic, behaviour and welfare effects throughout lactation, however, are unclear. The current paper reviews long-term metabolic and welfare consequences of short and no dry period, as well as feeding strategies and individual cow characteristics that could support in optimising management of cows with a short or no dry period. The paper will conclude with impacts of short and no dry periods at herd level and in practice. Energy balance after no or a short dry period is more positive during the complete subsequent lactation. After the initial improvement in early lactation, cows after no dry period tend to fatten and may have a too low lactation persistency to be continuously milked until the onset of the subsequent lactation. Reducing dietary energy level for cows with no dry period reduced fattening during the complete lactation but did not improve lactation persistency. Feeding a more lipogenic diet for cows with a short or no dry period did not affect the energy balance or lactation persistency during the complete lactation, although a lipogenic diet resulted in lower plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentration and greater plasma growth hormone concentration, compared with a glucogenic diet. Effects of dry period length on udder health are ambiguous, whereas short and no dry periods improved fertility in most studies. Omission of the dry period changed behaviour of cows both before and after calving, with a longer lying time and greater feed intake after calving, suggesting a better adaptation to a new lactation. Individual cow characteristics like parity, genotype, prepartum body condition score, and milk yield level determined the metabolic response of cows to a short or no dry period. In conclusion, short or no dry periods increase the energy balance in the complete lactation. Feeding strategies can be used to limit fattening of cows with no or short dry period, but the studied feeding strategies did not increase lactation persistency. Improved fertility and behavioural changes around calving suggest a better adaptation to a new lactation in case of no dry period. Customised dry period lengths for individual cows could improve metabolic status of cows at risk of a severe negative energy balance while minimising milk losses.

show abstract

Section: Lactation Persistencymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Metabolic Status and Energy Balance In Mid And Late Lactationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Lactation Persistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mid and Late Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review: Dry period length in dairy cows and consequences for metabolism and welfare and customised management strategies

Kok

Chen

Kemp

et al. 2019

Animal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lactose yield from dairy cows on lipogenic diets is equal to or higher than that with glucogenic diets in some studies (Hammon et al, 2008;Lohrenz et al, 2010) but not in all (Boerman et al, 2015;van Hoeij et al, 2017). Long-chain FA (LCFA) do not directly contribute to glucose precursors necessary for lactose synthesis, but increased mammary extraction of LCFA can decrease de novo FA synthesis by the gland (Grummer and Carroll, 1991;Chilliard, 1993;Hammon et al, 2008) which may reduce glucose requirements for oxidative catabolism and increase supply of energy for lactose and protein synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary gland utilization of amino acids and energy metabolites differs when dairy cow rations are isoenergetically supplemented with protein and fat

Nichols

Laar

Bannink

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mammary gland utilization of AA and other metabolites in response to supplemental energy from protein (PT) and supplemental energy from fat (FT) was tested in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. Fifty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were adapted during a 28-d control period to a basal total mixed ration consisting of 34% grass silage, 33% corn silage, 5% grass hay, and 28% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Experimental rations were fed for 28 d immediately following the control period and consisted of (1) low protein, low fat (LP/LF), (2) high protein, low fat (HP/LF), (3) low protein, high fat (LP/HF), and (4) high protein, high fat (HP/HF). To obtain the high-protein (HP) and high-fat (HF) diets, intake of the basal ration was restricted and supplemented isoenergetically [net energy (MJ/d) basis] with 2.0 kg/d rumen-protected protein (soybean + rapeseed, 50:50 mixture on a DM basis) and 0.68 kg/d hydrogenated palm fatty acids on a DM basis. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected on d 28 of both periods. Isoenergetic supplements (MJ/d) of protein and fat independently and additively increased milk yield, PT increased protein yield, and FT increased fat yield. A PT × FT interaction affected arterial concentration of all essential AA (EAA) groups, where they increased in response to PT by a greater magnitude at the LF level (on average 35%) compared with the HF level (on average 14%). Mammary gland plasma flow was unaffected by PT or FT. Supplementation with PT tended to decrease mammary clearance of total EAA and decreased group 1 AA clearance by 19%. In response to PT, mammary uptake of total EAA and group 2 AA increased 12 and 14%, respectively, with significantly higher uptake of Arg, Ile, and Leu. Energy from fat had no effect on mammary clearance or uptake of any AA group. The mammary gland uptake: milk protein output ratio was not affected by FT, whereas PT increased this ratio for EAA and group 2 AA. Arterial plasma insulin concentration decreased in response to FT, in particular on the HP/HF diet, as indicated by a PT × FT interaction. Arterial concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and long-chain fatty acids increased in response to FT, and concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate decreased in response to FT only at the HP level. Mammary clearance and uptake of triacylglycerol and long-chain fatty acids increased in response to FT. Energy from PT and FT increased lactose yield despite no change in arterial glucose concentration or mammary glucose uptake. Mammary-sequestered glucose with PT or FT was used in the same amount for lactose synthesis, and a positive net mammary glucose balance was found across all treatments. Results presented here illustrate metabolic flexibility of the mammary gland in its use of aminogenic versus lipogenic substrates for milk synthesis.

show abstract

Consequences of Lactation Length Management for Health and Fertility in Dairy Cows

van Knegsel,

Kok

2024

Production Diseases in Farm Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Consequences of dietary energy source and energy level on energy balance, lactogenic hormones, and lactation curve characteristics of cows after a short or omitted dry period

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Review: Dry period length in dairy cows and consequences for metabolism and welfare and customised management strategies

Review: Dry period length in dairy cows and consequences for metabolism and welfare and customised management strategies

Mammary gland utilization of amino acids and energy metabolites differs when dairy cow rations are isoenergetically supplemented with protein and fat

Consequences of Lactation Length Management for Health and Fertility in Dairy Cows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About