Consequences of fluctuating depth of filter media on coliform removal performance and effluent reuse opportunities of a bio-sand filter in municipal wastewater treatment

Mulugeta, Selamawit; Drewes, Jörg E.; Nigussie, Agizew

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104135

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, the produced sludge contained Cryptosporidium spp., even after aerobic digestion [18]. Mulugeta et al (2020) suggested that the installation of low-cost bio-sand filters in the decentralized municipal wastewater produces reclaimed water that complied with the WHO and USEPA guidelines [19]. The integrated suspended growth biological process and postozonation (O 3 ) decreased the organic compounds by 92.1% diesel oil, 97.4% chemical oxygen demand, and 97.9% MB dye.…”

Section: Tertiary Treatment (Tt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Abou-Shady¹,

El-Araby²

2023

Sustainable Development

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Water reuse is considered a practice that is currently embraced worldwide owing to the exacerbated water crisis, which is the result of several factors such as the increasing world population, urbanization, industrial sector, global climate change, limited water resources, and agricultural activities. Water reuse is not used intensively only in arid and semi-arid regions, which are characterized by limited water supply but can also be applied in countries that possess sufficient water resources (e.g., Brazil and Canada are implementing policies for water reuse). This chapter discusses the treatment technologies proposed for water reuse and presents some recent guidelines set for water reuse. Treatment technologies typically have three main processes: primary, secondary, and tertiary. There are several set guidelines worldwide for water reuse, however, a universal standard guideline to facilitate the reuse of reclaimed water has not been established. No federal regulations for reusing recycled water have been established in the United States; however, several individual states and territories have established specific regulations to manage reclaimed water for various purposes, including agricultural irrigation, animal watering, and crop production.

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Section: Tertiary Treatment (Tt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Abou-Shady¹,

El-Araby²

2023

Sustainable Development

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“…In addition, the use of finer sand is another important physical factor to consider in studies on the efficiency of BSFs, as it is crucial in removing contaminants (Verma et al 2017). Mulugeta et al (2020) and Verma et al (2017) indicate that the opening of the pores of the media in the filter, that is, the porosity, has an impact on the water flow in the filter. As the sand's porosity increases, the flow rate also increases.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Profile For Different Porosities and Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies show that the pore volume influences the HRT, being directly proportional to this factor, that is, the smaller the pore volume, the smaller the HRT (Freitas et al 2021). According to Mulugeta et al (2020), when the microorganism layer is formed, the permeability in the media decreases, consequently increasing the water retention time. This phenomenon increases the possibility of capturing suspended solids and water pathogens through mechanical entrapment, increasing treatment efficiency.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Profile For Different Porosities and Permeabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of hydrodynamic behavior of biosand filters using computational fluid dynamics combined with the design of experiments

Sala

Rezende

Lautenschlager

2021

Journal of Hydroinformatics

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Biosand filters (BSFs) are widely used in rural and urban areas where access to drinking water is limited or non-existent. This study applies computational fluid dynamics in the assessment of hydrodynamic characteristics considering changes in the design of two BSF models to make construction options available to communities, without losing hydrodynamic efficiency. The commercial code ANSYS-CFX 20.1 together with a central composite design of experiments methodology to simulate the flow was used under different combinations of porosities, permeabilities, pipe diameters, and filter diameters and heights. These parameters were combined statistically from Statistica 13.3. Our results have shown that combining greater filter depths with smaller pipe diameters has played a key role in the BSF best performance, and the CAWST V10 model has performed better than HydrAid, with lower velocities and longer hydraulic retention times.

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“…Previous study has proven that SSF have higher pathogen removal efficiency compared to biological treatment. In a study by Mulugeta et al [15], SSF applied on municipal wastewater shows removal of total coliform and fecal coliform exceeding 99%, while study by Bagundol et al [16] shows 98% E. Coli removal on raw water from a deep well. The mechanism responsible for high pathogen removal is layer of microbes such as protozoa, bacteria and algae known as filter skin or schumtzdecke layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Performance of Sand Filtration System with Different Sand Bed Depth for Polishing Wastewater Treatment

Sze

Aris

Zaidi

et al. 2021

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

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Sand filtration is a polishing type of treatment system that is widely used as an efficient, cost-effective and simple treatment method. The efficiency of sand filtration relies mainly on the capacity of sand bed depth. Different sand bed depth affects the filtration rate and the contaminant removal differently. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of different sand media depth on the removal efficiency of the filtration process. An experimental sand filter with three design modifications of different sand bed depth, 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm, was operated as polishing stage of an effluent from conventional activated sludge process. The highest filtration rate was recorded using sand depth of 30 cm. Higher filter bed depth result in lower filter rate which result in smaller filtrate volume. Highest E. Coli and COD removal, are 95.5% and 52.2%, respectively, recorded using 30 cm sand depth. Meanwhile, highest TSS and turbidity removal are 91.0% and 77.3%, respectively, with sand depth of 90 cm. Highest total coliform and BOD removal are 88.3% and 68.0% respectively by using sand depth of 60 cm. This study demonstrated that the sand filter is more efficient in removing suspended contaminants and coliforms compared to removing dissolved contaminants.

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Consequences of fluctuating depth of filter media on coliform removal performance and effluent reuse opportunities of a bio-sand filter in municipal wastewater treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Treatment Technologies and Guidelines Set for Water Reuse

Evaluation of hydrodynamic behavior of biosand filters using computational fluid dynamics combined with the design of experiments

Performance of Sand Filtration System with Different Sand Bed Depth for Polishing Wastewater Treatment

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