Consequences of measurement problems in strategic management research: the case of Amihud and Lev

Corporate Board Characteristics, Managerial Entrenchment and Diversification Strategy: Evidence from Tunisian Context

“…Eisenhardt (1989) show that CEO duality increase asymmetric information between manager and the board which accentuate agency problems between insiders and outsiders. Boyd et al (2005) note that CEO duality tears the equilibrium power between CEO and the board which reduce the board's controlling efficiency. Kim et al (2009) show that in the case of unrelated industries, CEO duality and corporate diversification are associated positively.…”

Audit committee structure and earnings management in Asia Pacific

“…The top indexed companies taken from the Australian Stock Exchange (AXS), Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) and Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) in the proportions of 25%, 37.5% and 37.5% respectively in the total sample, as in Table 1 below. Accounting measures have the limitation that they are somewhat open to manipulation by management, so multiple performance measures were used because of the inherent limitations in any single financial measurement [Boyd, Gove, and Hitt 2005]. Based on suggestions in previous research, multiple measures produce a more accurate description of performance [Rechner and Dalton 1991].…”

The Pitfalls in Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research: A Holistic View

“…Unreliable measures often result conflicting findings across comparable studies because of measurement errors (Boyd et al, 2005), which may hinder the smooth advancement of knowledge. Crook et al (2010) find that though the results are satisfactory regarding internal reliability, very few of the entrepreneurship studies reported regarding inter-respondent reliability.…”