Conservation Agriculture-based Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Systems Leads to Energy Conservation, Higher Productivity and Farm Profitability

Jat, H.S.; Choudhary, Kajod M; Nandal, D. P.; Yadav, Arvind Kumar; Poonia, Tanuja; Singh, Yadvinder; Sharma, Parbodh Chander; Jat, M.L.

doi:10.1007/s00267-020-01273-w

Cited by 63 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Crop residues (CR) are the remaining plant biomass after harvest [2,117] and are considered a renewable resource [69,78]. The soil can store large amounts of OM [63,118].…”

Section: Effect Of Crop Residue and Crop Rotation On Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The projected increase in rainfall variability, on one hand, and evapotranspiration, on the other hand, are foreseen to decrease water availability and increase flood risk and drought frequency; therefore, crop productivity and yield stability are adversely affected [12,[19][20][21]. However, the consequences of climate change could be mitigated by Conservation agriculture and its components have been associated with many bene fits, including carbon (C) storing in the soil [22,26,48,52,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63], improved soil qualit [26,56,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70], decreasing runoff and soil erosion [2,[71][72][73][74], increasing water productivit [6,51,68,75,76], energy use efficiency [77,78], and, in some cases, higher yield and profita bility [6,[79][80][81]. Accordingly, CA has emerged as a promising approach and viable optio Conservation agriculture and its components have been associated with many benefits, including carbon (C) storing in the soil [22,26,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Agriculture Effects on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Water-Saving Varied with Management Practices and Agroecological Conditions: A Review

et al. 2021

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Improving soil water holding capacity (WHC) through conservation agriculture (CA)-practices, i.e., minimum mechanical soil disturbance, crop diversification, and soil mulch cover/crop residue retention, could buffer soil resilience against climate change. CA-practices could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and alter pore size distribution (PSD); thus, they could improve soil WHC. This paper aims to review to what extent CA-practices can influence soil WHC and water-availability through SOC build-up and the change of the PSD. In general, the sequestered SOC due to the adoption of CA does not translate into a significant increase in soil WHC, because the increase in SOC is limited to the top 5–10 cm, which limits the capacity of SOC to increase the WHC of the whole soil profile. The effect of CA-practices on PSD had a slight effect on soil WHC, because long-term adoption of CA-practices increases macro- and bio-porosity at the expense of the water-holding pores. However, a positive effect of CA-practices on water-saving and availability has been widely reported. Researchers attributed this positive effect to the increase in water infiltration and reduction in evaporation from the soil surface (due to mulching crop residue). In conclusion, the benefits of CA in the SOC and soil WHC requires considering the whole soil profile, not only the top soil layer. The positive effect of CA on water-saving is attributed to increasing water infiltration and reducing evaporation from the soil surface. CA-practices’ effects are more evident in arid and semi-arid regions; therefore, arable-lands in Sub-Sahara Africa, Australia, and South-Asia are expected to benefit more. This review enhances our understanding of the role of SOC and its quantitative effect in increasing water availability and soil resilience to climate change.

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“…Crop residues (CR) are the remaining plant biomass after harvest [2,117] and are considered a renewable resource [69,78]. The soil can store large amounts of OM [63,118].…”

Section: Effect Of Crop Residue and Crop Rotation On Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Agriculture Effects on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Water-Saving Varied with Management Practices and Agroecological Conditions: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Permanent bed planting ensured higher mustard yield due to complementary border effects 24 which are more under residue retention than conventional tillage without residue. Advantage of CA in rice-wheat and maize-wheat systems was reported to enhance the crop productivity, water productivity, profitability, and water saving, compared to CT-based systems 25 .…”

Section: Results and Discussion Production And Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability, Productivity, Profitability and Soil Health With Conservation Agriculture-Based Sustainable Intensification of Oilseed Brassica Production System

Jat

Choudhary

Singh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices getting space world-wide to answer many emerging challenges like; declining factor productivity, deteriorating soil health, water scarcity, climate change, and farm profitability and sustainability. Oilseed brassica (Indian mustard, Brassica juncea L.), a winter oilseed grown under rainfed agro-ecosystem vulnerable to low yields, high production cost, degrading soil and water quality, and climatic vagaries. The present study was undertaken on CA-based sustainable intensification of Indian mustard for enhancing inputs efficiencies, farm profitability and sustainability. Permanent beds with residue retention (PB+R) improved mustard equivalent yield (11.4%) and system grain yield (10.6%) compared to conventional tillage without residue (CT-R). Maize-mustard (Mz-M) increased system grain yield (142.9%) as well as mustard equivalent yield (60.7%) compared to fallow-mustard (F-M). Mz-M system under PB+R increased sustainable yield index (376.5%), production efficiency (177.2%), economic efficiency (94%) and irrigation water productivity (66%) compared to F-M under CT-R. PB+R increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at 0-15 cm (17.7%) and 15-30 cm (29.5%) soil depth compared to CT-R. Intensification of F-M system with green gram–mustard (GG-M) improved SOC at 0-15 cm (27.4%) and 15-30 cm (20.5%) compared to F-M. CA-based cluster bean-mustard/GG-M system increased N productivity, whereas, P and K productivity improved with Mz-M system compared to F-M under CT-R. Thus, CA-based Mz-M system should be out-scaled in the traditional rainfed fallow-mustard system to improve the farm production and income on holistic basis to make the country self-sufficient in edible oils.

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“…In North-West IGP, irrigation water is mainly pumped by using electricity whereas in eastern IGP diesel pumps are used, both the ways contributing to CO 2 emission [6]. Jat et al [34] reported that in CA systems, crop residues contributed the maximum (~76%) in total energy input (167,995 MJ ha −1 ); however, fertilizer application (nonrenewable energy source) contributed the maximum (43%) in total energy input (47,760 MJ ha −1 ) in CT-based systems. CAbased cereal (rice/maize) systems recorded higher net energy and energy-intensiveness (EI) levels of 251% and 300%, respectively, compared with those of the CT-based rice-wheat system (RW/CT) (295, 217 MJ ha −1 and 46.05 MJ USD −1 ), irrespective of mungbean integration.…”

Section: Re-designing Energy-efficient Cereal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Designing Energy-Efficient and Intensively Managed Cereal Based Cropping Systems for Reducing the Environmental Footprints of Production in North-West India: A Review

Chandra

Naresh

Dhaliwal

et al. 2020

IJECC

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Agriculture is a major contributor to India's environmental footprint, particularly through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sustainable agricultural systems are needed to produce high-quality and affordable food in sufficient quantity to meet the growing population need for food, feed, and fuel, and at the same time, farming systems must have a low impact on the environment. Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of North West India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production, adaptation and mitigation the environmental footprints of production in a sustainable way. But production is becoming unsustainable due to depletion or degradation of soil and water resources, rising production costs, decreasing input use efficiency, and increasing environmental pollution. In contrast, cereal production systems in the IGP are largely traditional, with low yields and farm income. This review paper mainly focus on the reduction of environmental footprint production in cereal systems such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the adoption of emerging conservation agricultural practices i.e., re-designing energy-efficient, economically sustainable and intensively managed options for cereal systems. Adoption of re-designing energy-efficient, economically sustainable and intensively managed cereal systems could help in reducing the environmental footprints of production (EFP) while maintaining productivity and better resource utilization. In India could reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by almost 18 percent through the adoption of mitigation measures. Several studies revealed that conservation agriculture (CA) practices and technologies implemented in the cereal systems of the IGP have positive impacts on crop yields, returns from crop cultivation, input use efficiency (water, nutrient and energy), adaptation to heat stress and reduction of GHGs emissions. Improved conservation technologies or packages of practices from intensive agriculture that reduce environmental impacts, such as laser-aided land leveling, reduced or zero tillage, conservation tillage operation, precise nutrient and water management, crop residues management, crop diversification improves resource use efficiency by decreasing losses of inputs to the surrounding environment. It indicates that the adoption of better soil, water, nutrient management practices, and technologies has enormous potential to reduce environmental foot print, such as GHG emissions from agriculture cereal systems, thereby contributing to the mitigation of climate change.

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Conservation Agriculture-based Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Systems Leads to Energy Conservation, Higher Productivity and Farm Profitability

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

Conservation Agriculture Effects on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Water-Saving Varied with Management Practices and Agroecological Conditions: A Review

Conservation Agriculture Effects on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Water-Saving Varied with Management Practices and Agroecological Conditions: A Review

Sustainability, Productivity, Profitability and Soil Health With Conservation Agriculture-Based Sustainable Intensification of Oilseed Brassica Production System

Re-Designing Energy-Efficient and Intensively Managed Cereal Based Cropping Systems for Reducing the Environmental Footprints of Production in North-West India: A Review

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