Conservation and development in tropical forest landscapes: a time to face the trade-offs?

Sunderland, Terry; Ehringhaus, Christiane; Campbell, Bruce M.

doi:10.1017/s0376892908004438

Cited by 85 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Changes in one component of the landscape, even if desired, can have unintended and undesirable repercussions (60). Landscape approaches therefore demand an open-minded view of outcomes and acknowledgment of the tradeoffs likely to be involved in any system change (61). Such compromises require decision-makers to consider all stakeholders and to work toward their inclusion in the processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Sayer

Sunderland

Ghazoul³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,085

1,034

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"Landscape approaches" seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating and managing land to achieve social, economic, and environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, and other productive land uses compete with environmental and biodiversity goals. Here we synthesize the current consensus on landscape approaches. This is based on published literature and a consensus-building process to define good practice and is validated by a survey of practitioners. We find the landscape approach has been refined in response to increasing societal concerns about environment and development tradeoffs. Notably, there has been a shift from conservation-orientated perspectives toward increasing integration of poverty alleviation goals. We provide 10 summary principles to support implementation of a landscape approach as it is currently interpreted. These principles emphasize adaptive management, stakeholder involvement, and multiple objectives. Various constraints are recognized, with institutional and governance concerns identified as the most severe obstacles to implementation. We discuss how these principles differ from more traditional sectoral and project-based approaches. Although no panacea, we see few alternatives that are likely to address landscape challenges more effectively than an approach circumscribed by the principles outlined here.food security | integrated development approaches | social ecological systems | agriculture environment trade offs | Convention on Biological Diversity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Sayer

Sunderland

Ghazoul³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,085

1,034

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The implementation of land use scenarios that give priority to forest conservation or restoration usually produces trade-off that is negative in economic terms and positive on the ecological level when compared to scenarios that do not include conservation (Sunderland et al 2008). In the Tanjabar district, the difference in C stock and income per capita between scenarios is mainly determined by how large forest areas are protected and which land use strategies are applied in peat areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

Mulia

Widayati

Suyanto

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Economic growth in rural areas has to align with preservation of land uses that optimise environmental services. This means that trade-offs between economic and ecological priorities need to be understood, quantified and managed. We aimed to estimate the trade-off in the Tanjung Jabung Barat district of Jambi province Indonesia, where traditional agroforestry systems on both peat and mineral soils and logged-over forests give way to monocultural plantations of pulpwood and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Simulations of a 30-year time period of four scenarios using the FALLOW (Forests, Agroforests, Low-value-Landscape, Or, Wastelands) model show that a business-as-usual scenario of economic growth unhindered by the application of conservation scenarios will lead to high carbon dioxide CO 2 emissions. The forest and agroforest protection scenario, with moderate assumptions for peat-based emissions, had opportunity costs of 3-100 USD/t CO 2 e. This occurred especially when the establishment of oil palm plantations, which are currently the most profitable land use option in the area, is directed solely to under utilized mineral soils. The high trade-off values are difficult to reconcile when relying only on C trading mechanism to offset economic opportunity costs of not converting forests and/or agroforests to plantations. We conclude that law-based protection of existing forests, investment in intermediate intensity agroforestry options that utilize locally adapted trees and do not require drainage of peatlands, and re-introduction of tapping Jelutung (Dyera sp) latex as non-timber peat forest product, are needed in the Tanjabar district to provide options that are sustainable from both ecological and economic perspectives.

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“…However, others still equally have different views, community based management projects can make both development and conservation economically viable and attractive for the local communities to maintain biodiversity and integrity of nature (Singh 2008;Sunderland et al 2008). Furthermore, Robbins et al (2006) and Romero and Andrade (2004) suggested that the exclusion of communities from conservation ultimately leads to social conflict and noncompliance with conservation-related regulations (Chan et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Simulation Model of Land-Use, Population, and Rural Livelihoods in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Garedew

Sandewall

Söderberg

2011

Environmental Management

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The dynamic interactions between society and land resources have to be taken into account when planning and managing natural resources. A computer model, using STELLA software, was developed through active participation of purposively selected farm households from different wealth groups, age groups and gender within a rural community and some members of Kebelle council. The aim of the modeling was to study the perceived changes in land-use, population and livelihoods over the next 30 years and to improve our understanding of the interactions among them. The modeling output is characterized by rapid population growth, declining farm size and household incomes, deteriorating woody vegetation cover and worsening land degradation if current conditions remain. However, through integrated intervention strategies (including forest increase, micro-finance, family planning, health and education) the woody vegetation cover is likely to increase in the landscape, population growth is likely to slow down and households' income is likely to improve. A validation assessment of the simulation model based on historical data on land-use and population from 1973 to 2006 showed that the model is relatively robust.We conclude that as a supporting tool, the simulation model can contribute to the decision making process.

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Conservation and development in tropical forest landscapes: a time to face the trade-offs?

Cited by 85 publications

References 31 publications

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

A Dynamic Simulation Model of Land-Use, Population, and Rural Livelihoods in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

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