Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale

Tscharntke, Teja; Bommarco, Riccardo; Clough, Yann; Crist, Thomas O.; Kleijn, David; Rand, Tatyana A.; Tylianakis, Jason M.; Nouhuys, Saskya van; Vidal, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.006

Cited by 608 publications

(480 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…At larger spatial scales, landscape configuration and composition, also called the "landscape matrix," strongly determines pest-control processes (Power 2010;Tscharntke et al 2007). For instance, adapted cropping practices at the landscape level can help limit the development of plant pathogens and the adaptation of pathogen populations to specific cultivar resistances (Lô-Pelzer et al 2010).…”

Section: Principles and Examples For Enhancing Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

Duru

Thérond

Martin

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

461

283

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Intensive agriculture has led to several drawbacks such as biodiversity loss, climate change, erosion, and pollution of air and water. A potential solution is to implement management practices that increase the level of provision of ecosystem services such as soil fertility and biological regulation. There is a lot of literature on the principles of agroecology. However, there is a gap of knowledge between agroecological principles and practical applications. Therefore, we review here agroecological and management sciences to identify two facts that explain the lack of practical applications: (1) the occurrence of high uncertainties about relations between agricultural practices, ecological processes, and ecosystem services, and (2) the site-specific character of agroecological practices required to deliver expected ecosystem services. We also show that an adaptive-management approach, focusing on planning and monitoring, can serve as a framework for developing and implementing learning tools tailored for biodiversity-based agriculture. Among the current learning tools developed by researchers, we identify two main types of emergent support tools likely to help design diversified farming systems and landscapes: (1) knowledge bases containing scientific supports and experiential knowledge and (2) model-based games. These tools have to be coupled with well-tailored field or management indicators that allow monitoring effects of practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Finally, we propose a research agenda that requires bringing together contributions from agricultural, ecological, management, and knowledge management sciences, and asserts that researchers have to take the position of "integration and implementation sciences."

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Section: Principles and Examples For Enhancing Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

Duru

Thérond

Martin

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

461

283

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the present case, this prediction refers particularly to polyphagous mummy parasitoids. In comparison with hyperparasitoids, they are expected to exert stronger parasitism pressure on primary parasitoids in diverse landscapes due to their higher numbers in such landscapes (Tscharntke et al 2007). However, in comparison with specialized hyperparasitoids, polyphagous mummy parasitoids might be less effective in limiting primary parasitoids because of other hosts that they can utilize (Montoya et al 2003).…”

Section: Vollhardtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aphids (Bianchi et al 2006;Tscharntke et al 2007) as well as their hymenopteran parasitoids (Landis et al 2000;Schmidt et al 2005;Thies et al 2005;Tscharntke et al 2005) are two taxa heavily influenced by landscape structure. A number of authors have argued that diverse landscapes have a higher aphid and parasitoid biodiversity than homogeneous ones (Schmidt et al 2005;Tscharntke et al 2005;Holland et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape complexity is not a major trigger of species richness and food web structure of European cereal aphid parasitoids

et al. 2015

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In fragmented farmland landscapes structural complexity and low agricultural intensification should decrease the abundance of crop aphids due to increased abundances and species diversity of aphid enemies, including hymenopteran parasitoids. Here we study the effects of landscape structure and agricultural intensification on parasitism rates, abundances, and species richness of aphids and their parasitoids in five different regions in Europe. While total aphid numbers did not differ significantly among regions, we observed marked differences between Scandinavian and central European sites with respect to the species composition of aphids and their parasitoids and parasitism rates. In the cross country comparison landscape complexity and agricultural intensification did not significantly affect total aphid densities, although we observed species-specific reactions to land use. We also observed a tendency towards increased parasitoid species richness at low agricultural intensification but not at high landscape structure.

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“…There are several types of these key fruit tree species. Since there are only a few previous examples of the manipulation of woody vegetation to enhance natural enemies and improve pest control (Boller et al 1988;Smith and Papacek 1991;Corbett and Rosenheim 1996;Murphy et al 1998;Tscharntke et al 2007), and none of these focused on tephritid fruit flies, we have proposed the terms ''parasitoid multiplier'', ''parasitoid reservoir'' and ''pest-based parasitoid reservoir'' to described them.…”

Section: Managing Links Between Wild Fruit Fly Hosts and Orchards To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest management through tropical tree conservation

et al. 2014

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Tropical trees can provide various ecological services to adjacent agricultural environments, including maintaining and amplifying the numbers of beneficial insects. In Mexico, certain tree species harbor a diverse guild of hymenopteran parasitoids that attack pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and are at the same time sources of valuable hardwood timber. Indigenous trees and their associated fauna are slowly disappearing due to forest clearance and the expansion of crop monocultures. Here we explore the relationship among pest and non-pest fruit flies, their fruit-hosts and parasitoids in the context of mango orchards and surrounding patches of uncultivated vegetation and propose a novel mechanism to use these associations in favor of conservation purposes and pest management. Trees of conservation biological control interest are classified as: (1) parasitoid multiplier plants, species that serve as alternate hosts for key fruit fly pests when their commercial hosts are not available, but in which they are unusually vulnerable to parasitism; (2) parasitoid reservoir plants, native or introduced trees in whose fruits non-pest fruit flies serve as hosts to generalist parasitoids that are able to attack pest tephritids in other species of commercially grown fruit; and (3) -014-0636-3 introduced species that are not economically important locally, but which harbor fruit flies that would be pests in other circumstances and that serve as hosts for parasitoids of the important pests in the vicinity. Protection, multiplication and dissemination of such tree species has the potential to increase the number of naturally produced fruit fly parasitoids and could assist in the management of tephritid pests in areas where destruction of forests has impoverished the historical sources of fruit fly natural enemies. Tropical forest conservation may help resource-poor farmers reduce crop losses, increase biodiversity within fruit-growing regions and conserve native forests for both conservation purposes and commercial use of native hardwoods.123 Biodivers Conserv (2014) 23:831-853 DOI 10.1007/s10531

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Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale

Cited by 608 publications

References 147 publications

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

Landscape complexity is not a major trigger of species richness and food web structure of European cereal aphid parasitoids

Pest management through tropical tree conservation

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