Conservation Evo-Devo: Preserving Biodiversity by Understanding Its Origins

Campbell, Calum S.; Adams, Colin E.; Bean, Colin W.; Parsons, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.002

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In light of this, there is a pressing need to understand the capacity of populations to respond and adapt to increasing temperatures. This knowledge is critical for our ability to predict the impacts of climate change and to inform management and conservation efforts (Campbell, Adams, Bean, & Parsons, ; Donelson, Munday, McCormick, & Nilsson, ; Sinclair et al, ). Ectothermic animals are particularly vulnerable to changes in ambient temperature, because this directly influences their body temperature (Zuo, Moses, West, Hou, & Brown, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

et al. 2020

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1. In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand and predict the capacity of populations to respond to rising temperatures. Metabolic rate is a key trait that is likely to influence the ability to cope with climate change.Yet, empirical and theoretical work on metabolic rate responses to temperature changes has so far produced mixed results and conflicting predictions.2. Our study addresses this issue using a novel approach of comparing fish populations in geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient-temperature lakes in Iceland. This unique 'natural experiment' provides repeated and independent examples of populations experiencing contrasting thermal environments for many generations over a small geographic scale, thereby avoiding the confounding factors associated with latitudinal or elevational comparisons. Using Icelandic sticklebacks from three warm and three cold habitats, we measured individual metabolic rates across a range of acclimation temperatures to obtain reaction norms for each population.3. We found a general pattern for a lower standard metabolic rate (SMR) in sticklebacks from warm habitats when measured at a common temperature, as predicted by Krogh's rule. Metabolic rate differences between warm-and cold-habitat sticklebacks were more pronounced at more extreme acclimation temperatures, suggesting the release of cryptic genetic variation upon exposure to novel conditions, which can reveal hidden evolutionary potential. We also found a stronger divergence in metabolic rate between thermal habitats in allopatry than sympatry, indicating that gene flow may constrain physiological adaptation when dispersal between warm and cold habitats is possible. 4. In sum, our study suggests that fish may diverge toward a lower SMR in a warming world, but this might depend on connectivity and gene flow between different thermal habitats. K E Y W O R D S climate change, countergradient variation, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Krogh's rule, metabolic cold adaptation, physiology, threespine stickleback 1206 | Functional Ecology PILAKOUTA eT AL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

et al. 2020

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“…In light of this, there is a pressing need to understand the capacity of populations to respond and adapt to increasing temperatures. This knowledge is critical for our ability to predict the impacts of climate change and to inform management and conservation efforts (Donelson et al 2011, Sinclair et al 2016, Campbell et al 2017. Ectothermic animals are particularly vulnerable to changes in ambient temperature, because this directly influences their body temperature (Zuo et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

Pilakouta

Killen

Kristjánsson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1. In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand and predict the capacity of populations to respond to rising temperatures. Metabolic rate is a key trait that is likely to influence the ability to cope with climate change. Yet, empirical and theoretical work on metabolic rate responses to temperature changes has so far produced mixed results and conflicting predictions.2. Our study addresses this issue using a novel approach of comparing fish populations in geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient-temperature lakes in Iceland. This unique 'natural experiment' provides repeated and independent examples of populationsexperiencing contrasting thermal environments for many generations over a small geographic scale, thereby avoiding the confounding factors associated with latitudinal or elevational comparisons. Using Icelandic sticklebacks from three warm and three cold habitats, we measured individual metabolic rates across a range of acclimation temperatures to obtain reaction norms for each population.3. We found a general pattern for a lower standard metabolic rate in sticklebacks from warm habitats when measured at a common temperature, as predicted by Krogh's rule.Metabolic rate differences between warm-and cold-habitat sticklebacks were more pronounced at more extreme acclimation temperatures, suggesting the release of cryptic genetic variation upon exposure to novel conditions, which can reveal hidden evolutionary potential. We also found a stronger divergence in metabolic rate between thermal habitats in allopatry than sympatry, indicating that gene flow may constrain physiological adaptation when dispersal between warm and cold habitats is possible. 3 4. In sum, our study suggests that fish may diverge toward a lower standard metabolic rate in a warming world, but this might depend on connectivity and gene flow between different thermal habitats.

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“…According to Hendrikse et al (2007), focussing on evolvability is the most characteristic feature of the research programme of evolutionary developmental biology (also called evo-devo). This young branch of the life sciences has much to offer to conservation (Campbell et al 2017). Up to now, conservation efforts based on the preservation of genetic variation have followed the approach to intraspecific diversity characteristic of population genetics.…”

Section: Evo-devo: Evolvability Robustness Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the emergence of a novel phenotype by plasticity, following exposure to previously unexperienced environmental conditions creates a new target on which selection will operate; on the other, plasticity itself is subjected to selection, being favoured in fluctuating environments (Price et al 2003;West-Eberhard 2003;Pfennig et al 2010). As noted by Campbell et al (2017), this is a situation likely experienced by a population introduced in a new area or living in habitats fragmented or otherwise damaged by man.…”

Section: Evo-devo: Evolvability Robustness Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity, Disparity and Evolvability

Minelli

2019

History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences

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A key problem in conservation biology is how to measure biological diversity. Taxic diversity (the number of species in a community or in a local biota) is not necessarily the most important aspect, if what most matters is to evaluate how the loss of the different species may impact on the future of the surviving species and communities. Alternative approaches focus on functional diversity (a measure of the distribution of the species among the different 'jobs' in the ecosystem), others on morphological disparity, still others on phylogenetic diversity. There are three major reasons to prioritize the survival of species which provide the largest contributions to the overall phylogenetic diversity. First, evolutionarily isolated lineages are frequently characterized by unique traits. Second, conserving phylogenetically diverse sets of taxa is valuable because it conserves some sort of trait diversity, itself important in so far as it helps maintain ecosystem functioning, although a strict relationships between phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity cannot be taken for granted. Third, in this way we maximize the "evolutionary potential" depending on the evolvability of the survivors. This suggests an approach to conservation problems focussed on evolvability, robustness and phenotypic plasticity of developmental systems in the face of natural selection: in other terms, an approach based on evolutionary developmental biology.

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Conservation Evo-Devo: Preserving Biodiversity by Understanding Its Origins

Cited by 28 publications

References 90 publications

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

Biodiversity, Disparity and Evolvability

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