Conservation law for self-paced movements

Huh, Dongsung; Sejnowski, Terrence J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1608724113

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…they both signal the general availability of reward. This should result in an increase in the perceived opportunity cost of time and increased motivational drive, whether the source is external [ 10 ] or internal [ 50 ]. However, if such a common mechanism was limited in scalability, increasing opportunity cost would not have an unlimited effect on behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High monetary reward rates and caloric rewards decrease temporal persistence

2017

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Temporal persistence refers to an individual's capacity to wait for future rewards, while forgoing possible alternatives. This requires a trade-off between the potential value of delayed rewards and opportunity costs, and is relevant to many real-world decisions, such as dieting. Theoretical models have previously suggested that high monetary reward rates, or positive energy balance, may result in decreased temporal persistence. In our study, 50 fasted participants engaged in a temporal persistence task, incentivised with monetary rewards. In alternating blocks of this task, rewards were delivered at delays drawn randomly from distributions with either a lower or higher maximum reward rate. During some blocks participants received either a caloric drink or water. We used survival analysis to estimate participants' probability of quitting conditional on the delay distribution and the consumed liquid. Participants had a higher probability of quitting in blocks with the higher reward rate. Furthermore, participants who consumed the caloric drink had a higher probability of quitting than those who consumed water. Our results support the predictions from the theoretical models, and importantly, suggest that both higher monetary reward rates and physiologically relevant rewards can decrease temporal persistence, which is a crucial determinant for survival in many species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High monetary reward rates and caloric rewards decrease temporal persistence

2017

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“…Seminal deterministic optimal control (DOC) models can predict the shape of average arm trajectories corresponding to a given movement duration [17,18,49,50]. The movement duration can be determined in ad hoc ways such as by setting the task's effort [51][52][53] but DOC does not account for the trial-by-trial variability of human movement. Assuming signaldependent motor noise, SOOC models have been proposed to extend deterministic models and predict a movement duration corresponding to a fixed level of endpoint variance (e.g.…”

Section: How Existing Models Predict Movement Timing and Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control determines timing and variability of arm movements with or without vision

et al. 2021

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Human movements with or without vision exhibit timing (i.e. speed and duration) and variability characteristics which are not well captured by existing computational models. Here, we introduce a stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control (SFFC) model that can predict the nominal timing and trial-by-trial variability of self-paced arm reaching movements carried out with or without online visual feedback of the hand. In SFFC, movement timing results from the minimization of the intrinsic factors of effort and variance due to constant and signal-dependent motor noise, and movement variability depends on the integration of visual feedback. Reaching arm movements data are used to examine the effect of online vision on movement timing and variability, and test the model. This modelling suggests that the central nervous system predicts the effects of sensorimotor noise to generate an optimal feedforward motor command, and triggers optimal feedback corrections to task-related errors based on the available limb state estimate.

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“…This way, the least-action principle of physics (and chemistry) acts like a piece of computing machinery that solves an ill-posed inverse problem of perception—(see Horn and Schunck, 1981 ; Weiss et al, 2002 ; Stocker, 2006 ; Dold et al, 2019 ; Greydanus et al, 2019 ; Lutter et al, 2019 ). It is important to point out that once a least-action has been adopted in models of vision and cognition, a few authors have already made the next step and used Noether's theorem to explain vision (Weiss, 1997 ) and motor control (Huh and Sejnowski, 2016 ).…”

Section: Perception Viewed As An Inverse Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Symmetry and the Theory of Perception

Pizlo

Barros

2021

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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Perceptual constancy refers to the fact that the perceived geometrical and physical characteristics of objects remain constant despite transformations of the objects such as rigid motion. Perceptual constancy is essential in everything we do, like recognition of familiar objects and scenes, planning and executing visual navigation, visuomotor coordination, and many more. Perceptual constancy would not exist without the geometrical and physical permanence of objects: their shape, size, and weight. Formally, perceptual constancy and permanence of objects are invariants, also known in mathematics and physics as symmetries. Symmetries of the Laws of Physics received a central status due to mathematical theorems of Emmy Noether formulated and proved over 100 years ago. These theorems connected symmetries of the physical laws to conservation laws through the least-action principle. We show how Noether's theorem is applied to mirror-symmetrical objects and establishes mental shape representation (perceptual conservation) through the application of a simplicity (least-action) principle. This way, the formalism of Noether's theorem provides a computational explanation of the relation between the physical world and its mental representation.

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Conservation law for self-paced movements

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

High monetary reward rates and caloric rewards decrease temporal persistence

High monetary reward rates and caloric rewards decrease temporal persistence

Stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control determines timing and variability of arm movements with or without vision

The Concept of Symmetry and the Theory of Perception

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