Conservation rules, their breakdown, and optimality in Caenorhabditis sinusoidal locomotion

Karbowski, Jan; Cronin, Christopher J.; Seah, Adeline; Mendel, Jane; Cleary, Daniel R.; Sternberg, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.04.012

Cited by 86 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Such waves are known to correspond to the alternating phases of dorsal and ventral contractions driven by rhythmic activity of the 95 muscle cells that line the nematode's body. 44,45 The nematode's body bending frequency f is obtained by computing the one-dimensional fast Fourier transform of the spatiotemporal curvature field ͑s , t͒ at multiple body positions s / L, as shown in Fig. 2͑b͒.…”

Section: A Nematode Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propulsive force measurements and flow behavior of undulatory swimmers at low Reynolds number

et al. 2010

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The swimming behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is investigated in aqueous solutions of increasing viscosity. Detailed flow dynamics associated with the nematode's swimming motion as well as propulsive force and power are obtained using particle tracking and velocimetry methods. We find that C. elegans delivers propulsive thrusts on the order of a few nanonewtons. Such findings are supported by values obtained using resistive force theory; the ratio of normal to tangential drag coefficients is estimated to be approximately 1.4. Over the range of solutions investigated here, the flow properties remain largely independent of viscosity. Velocity magnitudes of the flow away from the nematode body decay rapidly within less than a body length and collapse onto a single master curve. Overall, our findings support that C. elegans is an attractive living model to study the coupling between small-scale propulsion and low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. The swimming behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is investigated in aqueous solutions of increasing viscosity. Detailed flow dynamics associated with the nematode's swimming motion as well as propulsive force and power are obtained using particle tracking and velocimetry methods. We find that C. elegans delivers propulsive thrusts on the order of a few nanonewtons. Such findings are supported by values obtained using resistive force theory; the ratio of normal to tangential drag coefficients is estimated to be approximately 1.4. Over the range of solutions investigated here, the flow properties remain largely independent of viscosity. Velocity magnitudes of the flow away from the nematode body decay rapidly within less than a body length and collapse onto a single master curve. Overall, our findings support that C. elegans is an attractive living model to study the coupling between small-scale propulsion and low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. Disciplines Engineering | Mechanical Engineering

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Section: A Nematode Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propulsive force measurements and flow behavior of undulatory swimmers at low Reynolds number

et al. 2010

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“…4,5 Various substrates have been used to quantify worm locomotion. These include agar plates, 6 gels of varying stiffness, 7 buffer solutions, 8 gelatine, 8 and saturated particle systems. 9,10 Locomotive behaviour can also be influenced by natural aging, 11 external exposure to toxins and drugs, [12][13][14] or through the manipulation of specific genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip analysis of C. elegans muscular forces and locomotion patterns in microstructured environments

et al. 2013

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Among the varied behavioral facets of C. elegans, locomotion is considered the most fundamental and is closely related to the neuromuscular functioning of this limbless animal. [6][7][8][9][10][11] The forward movement of nematodes results from rhythmic undulatory waves propagating from the head to the tail. 6,7 These periodic undulations, caused by contraction and relaxation of body muscles, have helped quantify C. elegans locomotion on various substrates ͑e.g., agar plates, 7 gelatin, 11 saturated particulates 8,9 and buffer 11 ͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] The forward movement of nematodes results from rhythmic undulatory waves propagating from the head to the tail. 6,7 These periodic undulations, caused by contraction and relaxation of body muscles, have helped quantify C. elegans locomotion on various substrates ͑e.g., agar plates, 7 gelatin, 11 saturated particulates 8,9 and buffer 11 ͒. The shape and speed of undulations depend on the response of the C. elegans to the physical environmentthey crawl on agarose surface with undulations of low frequency and smaller wavelength; they swim in M9 buffer with undulations of higher frequency and longer wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude-modulated sinusoidal microchannels for observing adaptability in C. elegans locomotion

et al. 2011

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In this paper, we present a movement-based assay to observe adaptability in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion behavior. The assay comprises a series of sinusoidal microchannels with a fixed wavelength and modulating ͑increasing or decreasing͒ amplitude. The channel width is comparable to the body diameter of the organism. Worms are allowed to enter the channel from the input port and migrate toward the output port. Within channel sections that closely match the worm's natural undulations, the worm movement is relatively quick and steady. As the channel amplitude increases or decreases along the device, the worm faces difficulty in generating the propulsive thrust, begins to slow down and eventually fails to move forward. A set of locomotion parameters ͑i.e., average forward velocity, number and duration of stops, range of contact angle, and cut-off region͒ is defined for worm locomotion in modulated sinusoidal channels and extracted from the recorded videos. The device is tested on wild-type C. elegans ͑N2͒ and two mutants ͑lev-8 and unc-38͒. We anticipate this passive, movement-based assay can be used to screen nematodes showing difference in locomotion phenotype.

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Conservation rules, their breakdown, and optimality in Caenorhabditis sinusoidal locomotion

Cited by 86 publications

References 39 publications

Propulsive force measurements and flow behavior of undulatory swimmers at low Reynolds number

Propulsive force measurements and flow behavior of undulatory swimmers at low Reynolds number

On-chip analysis of C. elegans muscular forces and locomotion patterns in microstructured environments

Amplitude-modulated sinusoidal microchannels for observing adaptability in C. elegans locomotion

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