Considerações sobre o desempenho de estruturas de concreto pré-moldado em situação de incêndio

Abstract

Resumocrescente utilização do concreto pré-moldado para solução estrutural em diversas obras, como edificações industriais e comerciais, tornouse uma alternativa vantajosa e acessível, principalmente no quesito tempo de construção. Porém, quando em situação de incêndio, determinadas características que esse sistema construtivo usualmente oferece como vantagens podem tornar-se uma desvantagem. Contando com espaços amplos, com grandes vãos livres, materiais combustíveis armazenados e ventilação apropriada, torna-se um cenário ideal para a propagação de um incêndio e consequente perda da capacidade de suporte da estrutura. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as implicações de um projeto que utiliza o concreto pré-moldado em situação de incêndio, além de levantar pontos para discussões sobre possibilidades que amenizem os riscos, tendo como base referências bibliográficas nacionais e internacionais, de uso corrente no meio técnico e acadêmico. Palavras-chaves:Incêndio. Fogo. Concreto pré-moldado. Concreto pré-fabricado. AbstractThe increasing use of precast concrete as a structural solution for different types of buildings, such as industrial and commercial buildings, has become a good, accessible choice, especially regarding construction time. However, in a fire situation, certain characteristics of this construction system that are normally considered as advantages could become disadvantages. With large spaces, large open spans, good ventilation and the storage of flammable materials, these buildings provide the ideal setting for fire spreading and the consequent loss of structure carrying capacity. In this study, we present the implications of a project that uses precast concrete in a fire situation, and we raise points for discussion on alternatives to mitigate risks, based on national and international bibliographic references currently used by the technical and academic community.

“Among Dead and Wounded”: Mapping, Characterization and Analysis of Fires With Victims in Recife’s Metropolitan Zone

“…The primary prevention of deaths in residential fires in Brazil is public education, seeking to avoid the main causes of fire. For Zago et al 12 , the likelihood of a fire to spread is reduced in buildings with smoke detectors, automatic showers, fire brigade and adequate divisions, which are not found in the houses.…”

Evaluación de seguridad contra incendio: método alternativo aplicado a edificaciones brasileña

“…The absence of large fires that resulted in considerable losses, either in the patrimony or the number of lives lost, had never allowed, at least until the beginning of the decade of the 70s, a relevant discussion on the subject in the country. It was from the occurrence of major accidents that the authorities and researchers have begun to perceive the importance of the implementation of more rigorous rules for constructions, with the intention of making them safer for their inhabitants (SEITO et al, 2008, ZAGO et al, 2015. Following this trend, after the tragic fire in Santa Maria County, in Rio Grande do Sul, resulting in 242 fatalities, the discussion for the implementation of a national fire safety code, implemented by the National Secretary of Public Safety at the moment, Luiz Fernando Corrêa, who decided to set up a Working Group, on June 14, 2015, with the objective of elaborating studies and presenting a draft bill that deals with fire safety and panic throughout the national territory, has gained strength, according to the additional data observed in Table 1, where external impact translates into the number of deaths in fires in Brazil.…”