Consideration of climatic factors in the operating mode of hydraulic facilities in the Amudarya river basin

Abstract

This research is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of climate change in the Amu Darya river basin using the global climate model and observational data. And also, the purpose of the study is to scale down and correct the offset of the GCF and adaptation to the Amu Darya river basin and assess the dynamic climate change and its future predictions of the impact on the hydraulic structures of the Amu Darya river basin. The offset correction was carried out on the basis of data from open sources from the archives of the world meteorological organizations and the analysis performed for the next 100 years. The article analyzes the results of the regions affected by the climate [1] from the point of view of the reduction of water resources, the disappearance of glaciers, an increase in temperature, and a decrease in precipitation. An increase in temperature leads to a steady decrease in the area of large glaciers, while small glaciers gradually completely disappear and a change in the ratio of solid and liquid precipitation alternately, which leads to a reduction in snow cover and is also accompanied by degradation and melting of snow cover permafrost in high mountain areas. For future projections of glacier area and melt water release, glacier volume is required. Climate change affects the hydrological regime of the river; this process worsens the operational regime of hydraulic structures in the Amu Darya basin. Such changes in glaciation, snow cover, and permafrost negatively affect the change in river flow and its distribution and the ecological assessment of the quality of the environment. Therefore, the study of changes in climatic conditions in the region and the development of climate change scenarios for the XXI century is carried out following the recommendations of the IPCC using the necessary programs.

Measures to reduce negative effects of waste using the Amu-Bukhara machine channel

“…After an in-depth analysis of the existing problems, a number of proposals and recommendations were developed to improve the treatment plant with a capacity of N = 6.5 kW in the model HQN4.8x5.5-75˚, developed on the basis of Chinese technology [18,21]. In particular, the cleaning device of the model HQN4.8x5.5-75˚ has a small length of the tooth part (15 cm) that collects the debris, so the range of coverage of the debris is small, and its efficiency is very low [19,20].…”

Projection of future water availability in the Amu Darya Basin

“…The rivers' primary water sources are the Hindukush and Pamir mountains in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The headwaters Vakhsh and Pandj notably contribute 85% of the river's flow (Kattakulov et al, 2021). Vahsh, Pandj and Zeravshan are the primary tributaries of the Amu Darya River (Normatov & Normatov, 2018).…”