There are two main factors which prompt to look for an alternative to traditional approaches to the provision of drinking water. They are climate change and population growth. Climate change and its increasing scale are no longer in doubt. It tends to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts. Changes in average water availability in most Central Asian river basins are estimated to be drastically big for the next 30 years. And, groundwater recharge may also be affected with a reduction in the availability of groundwater for drinking water in some regions. Water use has been increasing worldwide by about 1% per year since the 1980s, driven by a combination of population growth, socio-economic development and changing consumption patterns. Global water demand is expected to continue increasing at a similar rate until 2050, accounting for an increase of 20 to 30% above the current level of water use, mainly due to rising demand in the industrial and domestic sectors. These obliging to redefine the strategy for the use of water resources to ensure sustainable drinking water supply forcing the use of all available water resources even those that were not previously taken into account, for example, off stream storage reservoirs. Research, development and innovation play an important role in supporting informed decision-making. Therefore, further scientific and engineering studies are also needed for the development of financially affordable, safe and efficient infrastructure services in the areas of drinking water supply, sanitation and hygiene and its components. The article considers a particular reservoir the bottom of which is composed of saline soils operating in regular filling and emptying and subject to significant wind effects. The research conducted allowed to find a place of water intake location which provides a minimum salt content in the water abstracted.

The study of the causes and patterns of sediment deposition at the bottom of water intake structures of pumping stations, the negative impact of sediments on the efficiency of their operation is one of the important measures taken to improve the efficiency of the water recovery system. The issues of studying the determination of the deposition rate and the trajectory of solid particles at the bottom of structures were analyzed, and the main shortcomings and shortcomings in determining the parameters of particle deposition were identified. An equation is proposed that allows determining the trajectory of solid particles deposition taking into account their concentration in the flow, the main properties (density, geometric parameters) of particles and water flow, as well as the design dimensions of the pump station’s advance chamber. The obtained calculated results based on the proposed equation were verified by the results of the study of deposits at the bottom of the advance chamber of the operating pumping station, which showed that the spread of the obtained data does not exceed 7…12 %. At the same time, the smallest particles settle at the end of the prechamber in the water suction zone. The obtained data showed the possibility of using the proposed equation to determine the trajectory of sediment particles deposition at the bottom of water intake structures of pumping stations.

The article discusses the results of numerical studies of the flow of the Amudarya river above the point of the damless water intake to the head structure of the damless water intake to the Karshi Main Canal-KMC. The system of two-dimensional equations of hydrodynamics-Saint-Venant is used as the basis of the mathematical model. In this work, a series of calculations of the field of currents in the river channel during low-water periods is carried out. Below are the main research results and proposals for ensuring the stable operation of the damless water intake in low-water conditions. The applicability of a numerical model composed of the equations of shallow water -the vector equation for the conservation of momentum and the scalar equation for the conservation of mass, has been proved, when describing a flow with the presence of circulation zones, which is typical when the water flow is constrained by blind dams. In this case, the solution pulsates around a certain average value, and the average length of the circulation zone behind the sudden expansion of the open flow is in good agreement with laboratory experiments. Numerical studies have shown that the device of a jet-guiding dam 150 m above the water intake gate in the CMC is more effective than when the dam is located 250 m above. In essence, dam № 2 with a length of 65 m does not affect the conditions at the water intake in the KMC at all, and dam № 2 with a length of 120 m is almost equivalent in its impact on the flow to dam №1 with a length of 50 m. Analysis of the results shows that the placement of an additional threshold in the Amudarya river bed improves the situation by raising the water level at the water intake. The threshold is flooded even at low water levels, which reduces the speed load on its body. At the same time, the threshold is located directly at the beginning of the channel, in part to protect the intake from incoming sediment, and high enough speed water glistening over the threshold in line, ensure the transit of sediment that can reduce enters the intake. Such measures will reduce the turbidity of water entering the channel. This, in turn, reduces the intensity of the silting process.

The article highlights the advantages and benefits of pipeline transport of liquid feed mixtures on small pig farms, the device and the principle of operation and technical characteristics of the improved rotor pump developed by the authors of the article. Methods of experimental research to determine the concentration of feed mixtures, the influence of the shape of the separator on the performance characteristics, the required power and the flow of an improved pump are presented. The results of the experiments showed that one of the bottlenecks limiting the operation of rotary pumps on feed mixtures of increased concentration is the low suction capacity of the pump, that is, the design of the suction pipe of the pump, where an increase in resistance with an increase in the concentration of feed mixtures causes a breakdown of the operating mode and cavitation. To resolve this issue, we used a screw feeder installed in front of the pump suction nozzles. It was found that if the screw feeder provides excess pressure within (about, 0.25 ... 0.3) 105 Pa per suction cavity, the pump operates stably and reliably.

This research is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of climate change in the Amu Darya river basin using the global climate model and observational data. And also, the purpose of the study is to scale down and correct the offset of the GCF and adaptation to the Amu Darya river basin and assess the dynamic climate change and its future predictions of the impact on the hydraulic structures of the Amu Darya river basin. The offset correction was carried out on the basis of data from open sources from the archives of the world meteorological organizations and the analysis performed for the next 100 years. The article analyzes the results of the regions affected by the climate [1] from the point of view of the reduction of water resources, the disappearance of glaciers, an increase in temperature, and a decrease in precipitation. An increase in temperature leads to a steady decrease in the area of large glaciers, while small glaciers gradually completely disappear and a change in the ratio of solid and liquid precipitation alternately, which leads to a reduction in snow cover and is also accompanied by degradation and melting of snow cover permafrost in high mountain areas. For future projections of glacier area and melt water release, glacier volume is required. Climate change affects the hydrological regime of the river; this process worsens the operational regime of hydraulic structures in the Amu Darya basin. Such changes in glaciation, snow cover, and permafrost negatively affect the change in river flow and its distribution and the ecological assessment of the quality of the environment. Therefore, the study of changes in climatic conditions in the region and the development of climate change scenarios for the XXI century is carried out following the recommendations of the IPCC using the necessary programs.