Optimal location of an intake at a reservoir prone to salt diffusion

Abstract

There are two main factors which prompt to look for an alternative to traditional approaches to the provision of drinking water. They are climate change and population growth. Climate change and its increasing scale are no longer in doubt. It tends to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts. Changes in average water availability in most Central Asian river basins are estimated to be drastically big for the next 30 years. And, groundwater recharge may also be affected with a reduction in the availability of groundwater for drinking water in some regions. Water use has been increasing worldwide by about 1% per year since the 1980s, driven by a combination of population growth, socio-economic development and changing consumption patterns. Global water demand is expected to continue increasing at a similar rate until 2050, accounting for an increase of 20 to 30% above the current level of water use, mainly due to rising demand in the industrial and domestic sectors. These obliging to redefine the strategy for the use of water resources to ensure sustainable drinking water supply forcing the use of all available water resources even those that were not previously taken into account, for example, off stream storage reservoirs. Research, development and innovation play an important role in supporting informed decision-making. Therefore, further scientific and engineering studies are also needed for the development of financially affordable, safe and efficient infrastructure services in the areas of drinking water supply, sanitation and hygiene and its components. The article considers a particular reservoir the bottom of which is composed of saline soils operating in regular filling and emptying and subject to significant wind effects. The research conducted allowed to find a place of water intake location which provides a minimum salt content in the water abstracted.

Consideration of climatic factors in the operating mode of hydraulic facilities in the Amudarya river basin

“…The Amu Darya basin, the largest river basin in Central Asia in terms of a catchment area, covers an area of 1,326,000 km 2 , of which 1,017,835 km 2 falls on the territory of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, which are hydrographically related to the large Amu Darya basin. The catchment boundaries of the basin are clearly identified within the mountainous region: in the south, they pass along the Hindu Kush ridge, in the east -along the Sarykol ridge, and in the north -along the Alay, Turkestan, and Nurata ridges [20][21][22][23]. A large area occupied by glaciers and snowfields determines the nature of the feeding of the largest rivers in the basin, most of which belong to the rivers of glaciersnow feeding (Amu Darya, Pyanj, Vakhsh, Zeravshan, and some others).…”

Hydraulic resistances experimental and field studies of supply canals and pumping stations structures

“…And differ in the values of the constants , 3 , and 3 . Different values of the constant , , obtained in the works are due, from our point of view, mainly because these works do not fully take into account the effect on the size of the shape of the free cross-section of the canal [24,25,27,28,29].…”

Achieving reliability and energy savings in operate of pumping stations

“…To improve the safety and sustainable operation of РS, it is recommended to: develop regulatory documents that determine the properties of water, which do not lead to wear of equipment and destruction of materials; a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the degree of risk from the impact of a resource of inappropriate quality during the operation of the РS [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”