Consideration of future consequences (CFC) serves as a buffer against aggression related to psychopathy

Abstract

Psychopathy is the most notorious trait in the Dark Triad, and it is strongly linked to many kinds of aggressive behaviors. However, not every individual who is characterized by psychopathy engages in aggression, which suggests that certain factors may attenuate the intensity of the relations between psychopathy and aggression. The purpose of the current study was to explore the protective roles of the consideration of future consequences (CFC) (high CFC-Future and low CFC- Immediate) in attenuating aggression related to psychopathy using proactive aggression (Study 1) and cyber-aggression (Study 2) behavior indexes. College students (Study 1; N = 1,058) and adults (Study 2; N = 350) voluntarily participated in this study. The results demonstrated that the relationship between psychopathy and aggressive behaviors was moderated by CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate. Individuals with high psychopathy scores who also had high CFC-Future scores or low CFC-Immediate scores exhibited less proactive aggression (Study 1) and left fewer aggressive online comments on news websites (Study 2). The results of the present study suggested that CFC serves as a buffer against aggression related to psychopathy and may extend the knowledge of the relationship between psychopathy and aggression.

The longitudinal relationship between angry rumination and reactive–proactive aggression and the moderation effect of consideration of future consequences‐immediate

“…As expected, the longitudinal relationship between angry rumination and proactive aggression was moderated by CFC-I. The results mentioned above are consistent with the previous study which indicated that CFC served as a buffer against aggression related to psychopathy (Zhao et al, 2018).…”

“…After the translated and retranslated version, as well as the original English versions were compared and discussed, the finalized version of Chinese CFCS was completed. The Chinese version had been used in a prior study and was found to have adequate reliability and validity (Zhao, Wei, Chen, & Xia, 2018). In addition, a CFA with random item parceling was administrated to test the structure validity of the subscale in a larger sample ( N = 942).…”

Future time perspective and trust in government: The mediation of the consideration of future consequences

“…According to socioemotional selectivity theory, different feelings about future events were thought to influence near or far future goal setting, which makes college students consider the consequence of futures with different distances (Chen, 2006;Lang & Carstensen, 2002;Lyu & Huang, 2016). The consideration of future consequences (CFC) refers to the cognition of distant future consequences (Strathman et al, 1994;Zhao et al, 2018). The mental time of the future can be classified into the near future and the far future (Chen, 2006).…”

“…Some people are more likely to act to satisfy immediate concerns, while some people are more likely to pursue a sequence of better far future outcomes, such as demand satisfaction and economic benefits, even though immediate happiness may be sacrificed (Joireman et al, 2008). Considering immediate consequences (CFC-immediate) and future consequences (CFC-future) are the two major components of CFC (Joireman et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2018). CFC-immediate emphasizes a focus on immediate future consequences, while CFC-future focuses on far future consequences.…”

A German Validation of Four Questionnaires Crucial to the Study of Time Perception: BPS, CFC-14, SAQ, and MQT

“…People frequently face a dilemma between short-term and long-term interests in their attitudes and behaviors, for example, for risk-taking [ 27 ], health behavior such as engaging in exercise or eating healthily [ 28 ], pro-environmental behavior and sustainability [ 29 , 30 ], aggressiveness [ 31 , 32 ], and delinquent behavior [ 33 ], as well as in financial investment decisions [ 34 , 35 ]. In general, in these kinds of temporal dilemmas, pursuing future goals (e.g., performing well in exams [ 36 ]) involves self-control: it is important not to give in to the alluring, but, in the long run, hindering, hedonistic activities in the present.…”