Consideration of higher frequency bands in accurate millimeter-wave FMCW-radar system simulations for automotive applications

Dudek, Manuel; Kissinger, Dietmar; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg

doi:10.1109/wamicon.2011.5872879

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Barreto et al [46] investigated the effects of hardware imperfections for an underlying FMCW waveform at 61 GHz, while focusing on the impact of non-linearities of the LNA and PA on the communications performance, considering perfect synchronization and a single-path channel without fading. Likewise, for FMCW-based system architecture, Dudek et al [47] investigated the effects of realistic nonlinear hardware components on the down-converted baseband signal for a long-range radar at 77 GHz. Dudek et al concluded that the need for implementing accurate nonlinear component models is imperative as in their evaluated scenarios the receiver magnitude is limited to about 2 dBm and the noise floor is about 20 dB higher for close targets, which gets especially critical in a blocking scenario where a smaller target cannot be detected anymore due to the supersaturated receiver circuit.…”

Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameters (S-parameters, NF, PN, non-linearity parameters) whose impact on system performance is to be investigated are indicated below the corresponding RF components. These non-idealities were determined in [17] and were selected from the state-of-the-art literature for realistic 77 GHz RF devices [47], [67]- [69]. The operating temperature of both the transmitter and the receiver is fixed to 300 K. At the Freqency (GHz) - transmitter, the up-mixer converts the baseband signal to the RF carrier frequency of 77 GHz.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Hardware Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameters of the RF components are listed in Tab. 3, where the S-parameters, the linearity like the third order intercept point (IP3) (here: input IP3 (IIP3)) and the 1 dBcompression point (P1dB) (here: output P1dB (OP1dB)), -15 dB 26.4 dB -3.9 dB -13.9 dBm 11.5 dBm NF: 10 dB LNA [47], [69] -25 dB 10 dB -20 dB 2.2 dBm 1.6 dBm NF: 5 dB and the noise (phase noise of mixers and noise figure of PA and LNA) are included. In the experiment, their impact on the JCRS system is investigated, regarding the BER and the MAEs, as mentioned in the previous section.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Hardware Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the total noise figure is mainly determined by the first RF block (the LNA), since G LNA = 10 dB is very high. The LNA's NF is set to 5 dB in this system, while the general LNAs have NF lower than 10 dB [47], [69], [72]. With a reference temperature of 290 K, their corresponding noise powers are −68.41 dBm and −74.61 dBm.…”

Section: A S-parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the noise figure of LNAs is less than 10 dB [47], [69], [72]. In the test, the NF of the LNA is limited to [2,12] dB.…”

Section: Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

Lübke¹,

Su²,

Franchi³

2023

IEEE Access

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Joint communications and radar sensing (JCRS) applications are currently being hailed as the innovation of the next generation of mobile communications. The combination of communications and sensor technology on one hardware platform offers various advantages, such as significant savings in space and costs. The two technologies are no longer being optimized and developed side by side, as has been the case in the past, but jointly. The physical channel is used by both simultaneously, including the transmitter and receiver structures, which must be optimized for the combined application. This inevitably leads to an influence on the performance of both systems. In this work, this influence is considered and analyzed with respect to the effects of the radio frequency components. For this purpose, our previously published code-division multiple access (CDMA)-based and vehicle-to-vehicle-focused model is extended to a JCRS model and evaluated according to the achieved bit error rate as well as the mean deviation of the detected distance and velocity in Simulink. The influence of the non-ideal hardware components (mixers, power amplifier, low noise amplifier, filter, antenna) and characteristics (S-parameters, non-linearity of the amplifiers and the noise) on the sensing and communications are analyzed and compared in this automotive context. The results reveal that the noise of the low noise amplifier at the receiver side has the most decisive influence. In contrast, the noise generated by the power amplifier at the transmitter has no effect due to the relatively high signal power. The non-linearity of amplifiers at the transmitter also significantly impacts the available sensing range by limiting and compressing signal power. Besides, the phase noise with a frequency offset higher than 10 MHz can increase the communications and sensing error rate. In contrast, the influence of S-parameters is negligible, as the performance of communications and sensing is almost unchanged with different S-parameters. In the future, the proposed single-target scene will be further extended to a multi-target one.INDEX TERMS CDMA, connected vehicles, joint communications and radar sensing, RF hardware characteristics, modeling, physical layer, PMCW, 77 GHz.

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Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%