Considerations in the Selection and Conditioning of Old World Monkeys for Laboratory Research: Animals from Domestic Sources

Capitanio, John P.; Kyes, Randall C.; Fairbanks, Lynn A.

doi:10.1093/ilar.47.4.294

Cited by 51 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Animals were maintained at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC) at the University of California, Davis either in individual indoor cages (VandeVoort et al, 1992) or in outdoor group field cages (Capitanio et al, 2006). The CNPRC is fully accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).…”

Section: Sample Population and Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological studies of recombination in rhesus males

Hassold¹,

Hansen²,

Hunt³

et al. 2009

Cytogenet Genome Res

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An immunofluorescence approach was used to directly examine meiotic recombination events in 483 pachytene spermatocytes from 11 male rhesus monkeys. Specifically, we examined the nuclear localization patterns of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, known from analyses of other mammalian species to be a useful marker of meiotic cross-overs. Our results indicated that rhesus pachytene spermatocytes contain approximately 40 cross-overs per cell, corresponding to about one cross-over per chromosome. The chromosomal distribution of these exchanges was consistent with data from human and mouse males but, surprisingly, the overall number of foci was lower, and the number of ‘exchangeless’ bivalents higher, than reported for either humans or mice.

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Section: Sample Population and Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological studies of recombination in rhesus males

Hassold¹,

Hansen²,

Hunt³

et al. 2009

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Monkeys, especially rhesus macaques, are widely used in behavioral pharmacology and addiction research (Weerts et al, 2007). Behaviors exhibited in a novel environment and in a social context may identify more differences in behavioral repertoire than observations of monkeys in their home cages (152 ϫ 71 ϫ 79 cm) (Capitanio, 1999;Capitanio et al, 2006). Thus, monkeys provide a sophisticated behavioral model for assessing the potential utility of opioid formulations for human use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Behavioral Effects of an Extended-Release, Liposome-Encapsulated Preparation of Oxymorphone in Rhesus Macaques

Krugner‐Higby¹,

KuKanich²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2009

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The objectives of the study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of oxymorphone (oxy) and of ammonium sulfateloaded, liposome-encapsulated oxymorphone (LE-ASG oxy) and to evaluate the behavioral effects of both opioid preparations by using ethographic evaluation specific to rhesus monkeys. Rhesus monkeys (n ϭ 8) were injected with 2.0 mg/kg LE-ASG oxy s.c.. Blood samples were collected at serial time points up to 144 h in six monkeys and up to 456 h in two monkeys. Separate groups of monkeys were injected with 0.1 mg/kg oxy s.c. (n ϭ 4) or i.v. (n ϭ 5). Blood samples were collected at serial time points up to 24 h after injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using commercially available software. Behavior was recorded in a different group of 10 monkeys administered LE-ASG oxy (2.0 mg/kg s.c.) or oxy (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) on separate occasions. Behavioral evaluations were made at serial time points while monkeys were in an extended cage with a compatible stimulus animal. Oxymorphone was rapidly eliminated from the serum in the oxy group. Measurable drug was present in serum for up to 4 h after oxy was administered subcutaneously or intravenously. LE-ASG oxy was present in serum in measurable concentrations for more than 2 weeks. Neither oxy nor LE-ASG oxy produced observable sedation. LE-ASG oxy decreased some environmentally directed behaviors, but this drug formulation increased watchfulness, decreased self-directed and elimination behaviors, increased nonspecific social contact, and decreased threat behaviors. LE-ASG oxy persisted for an extended period in rhesus monkey serum and produced behavioral changes consistent with this opioid.Most currently available opioids exhibit short in vivo halflives that require repeated dosing every few hours to maintain therapeutic blood concentrations and analgesic effects in laboratory animals (Hawk and Leary, 2005). Extended release opioid preparations have milder adverse effects, because there is less bolus release into the system after their administration than for the standard pharmaceutical preparations of the same drugs, and they can provide longer periods of analgesia Smith et al., 2003). The decreased adverse effects may be caused by lower peak drug concentrations and less fluctuation in serum concentrations over a dosing interval.Opioid drugs are known to produce similar physiologic and behavioral effects in human beings and nonhuman primates (Jaffe and Matin, 1985). Monkeys, especially rhesus macaques, are widely used in behavioral pharmacology and addiction research (Weerts et al., 2007). Behaviors exhibited in a novel environment and in a social context may identify more differences in behavioral repertoire than observations Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.150052.ABBREVIATIONS: LE-ASG oxy, ammonium sulfate gradient loaded liposomal oxymorphone; oxy, oxymorphone hydrochloride, standard pharmaceutical preparation; AUC 0-inf , the area under the curve from...

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“…Although it is evident that NHPs generally benefit from social housing [51] (refer also to Chapters 14 and 15 in this book), systematic studies on the effects of social housing of cynomolgus monkeys in the context of reproductive toxicity evaluation are limited. Changing from individual to social housing of mature animals raises questions about the evaluation of reproductive toxicity end points.…”

Section: Implications Of Social Housing For Evaluation Of the Reprodumentioning

confidence: 99%