Considerations of Sex Differences in Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Sizer, Phillip S.; James, C. Roger

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8884-2_3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 245 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The results of our studies allow the conclusion of a number of key points about human locomotion. First, even unloaded, men and women have different muscle activation patterns (Chumanov et al, ; Sizer and James, ), and they may become even more pronounced during load carrying (Simpson et al, ), though potentially only in pelvic musculature, and in studies that are focusing on the precollision versus postcollision responses (so, contra Silder et al, ). The sex differences in muscle activation patterns are consistent with predictions based on the dynamic walking model (Bertram, ; Kuo et al, ; Ruina et al, ), namely that there can be tradeoffs in a gait cycle allowing for a reduction in the collision with the ground which will reduce the energy required to rebound from this collision.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

Wall-Scheffler

Myers

2017

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here, we argue that two key shifts in thinking are required to more clearly understand the selection pressures shaping pelvis evolution in female hominins: (1) the primary locomotor mode of female hominins was loaded walking in the company of others, and (2) the periodic gait of human walking is most effectively explained as a biomechanically controlled process related to heel-strike collisions that is tuned for economy and stability by properly-timed motor inputs (a model called dynamic walking). In the light of these two frameworks, the evidence supports differences between female and male upper-pelvic morphology being the result of the unique reproductive role of female hominins, which involved moderately paced, loaded walking in groups. Anat Rec, 300:764-775, 2017. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

Wall-Scheffler

Myers

2017

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, drug utilization has been boosted as a result of the rise of average life expectancy . Notably, the pronounced biological and social differences between men and women have been suggested to differentially affect drug consumption between the two sexes .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Drug Utilization in Greece Sex dependent? A Population‐based Study

Athanasopoulos

Pitychoutis

Messari

et al. 2012

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite scarce data pertaining to prescription drug sales in Greece, the lack of large-scale epidemiological studies has made it difficult to elaborate on putative differences regarding drug consumption patterns between the two sexes. Herein, we sought to investigate whether sex may have an impact on medication trends of the Greek population. The data reported are part of a survey conducted under the auspices of the National Center for Social Research. Information was collected from 2499 Athenian citizens. Probability of drug use was assessed through Pearson chi-square (v 2 ) test and logistic regression was implemented to clarify whether sex or other socio-economic and morbidity factors may influence drug utilization. Women consumed more drugs as compared to men. Sex proved to be a differentiating factor influencing the use of analgesic/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular, anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, as well as drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases and osteoporosis. Present results further implicate other socio-economic factors (e.g. education, employment and financial status) in the harnessing of drug use in Greece. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest pharmacoepidemiological study to report that Greek women consume more drugs and present different medication patterns, as compared to men. Further research is considered imperative in order for the awareness of prescribers, policy-makers and the general public on this sensitive matter to be increased.

show abstract

“…The differences in musculoskeletal anatomy are explained by sexual dimorphism, which refers to the physical differences in secondary sexual characteristics between males and females as a result of sexual maturation (Sizer & James, 2008). Differences exist between males and females in terms of body height, weight, shape and size.…”

Section: Anatomical Differences Between Males and Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences exist between males and females in terms of body height, weight, shape and size. For instance after 20 years of age, males are, on average, 14cm taller and 12 kg heavier than females (taken from Clinical Growth Charts, 2006 as cited by Sizer & James, 2008). However, differences also exist in the size of various structures and the alignment of the extremities.…”

Section: Anatomical Differences Between Males and Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger pelvis results in femoral anteroversion, increased quadriceps angle (Q angle), genus valgum, and external tibial torsion (Smith & Smith, 2002). The Q angle is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the patella, and a line drawn through the center of the patella and the tibial tuberosity (Sizer & James, 2008;Smith & Smith, 2002). The larger Q angle in females often causes genu valgum (knock knee) in which the individual, standing in neutral position has the knees together and a wide separation at the ankles (Smith & Smith, 2002).…”

Section: Anatomical Differences Between Males and Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex-based differences in lifting technique under increasing load conditions: A principal component analysis

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the present study was to determine if there is a sex-based difference in lifting technique across increasing-load conditions. Eleven male and 14 female participants (n = 25) with no previous history of low back disorder participated in the study. Participants completed freestyle, symmetric lifts of a box with handles from the floor to a table positioned at 50% of their height for five trials under three load conditions (10%, 20%, and 30% of their individual maximum isometric back strength). Joint kinematic data for the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar and thoracic spine were collected using a two-camera Optotrak motion capture system. Joint angles were calculated using a three-dimensional Euler rotation sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) and single component reconstruction were applied to assess differences in lifting technique across the entire waveforms. Thirty-two PCs were retained from the five joints and three axes in accordance with the 90% trace criterion. Repeated-measures ANOVA with a mixed design revealed no significant effect of sex for any of the PCs. This is contrary to previous research that used discrete points on the lifting curve to analyze sex-based differences, but agrees with more recent research using more complex analysis techniques. There was a significant effect of load on lifting technique for five PCs of the lower limb (PC1 of ankle flexion, knee flexion, and knee adduction, as well as PC2 and PC3 of hip flexion) (p < 0.005). However, there was no significant effect of load on the thoracic and lumbar spine. It was concluded that when load is standardized to individual back strength characteristics, males and females adopted a similar lifting technique. In addition, as load increased male and female participants changed their lifting technique in a similar manner.

show abstract

Considerations of Sex Differences in Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Cited by 7 publications

References 245 publications

The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

Is Drug Utilization in Greece Sex dependent? A Population‐based Study

Sex-based differences in lifting technique under increasing load conditions: A principal component analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About