Considerations of Unmanned Aircraft Classification for Civil Airworthiness Standards

Maddalon, Jeffrey M.; Hayhurst, Kelly J.; Morris, A. Terry; Verstynen, Harry A.

doi:10.2514/6.2013-5216

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This paper discusses the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulation regarding the UAVs. Such regulations include UAS airworthiness specifications and general requirements and considerations for any UAS manufacturer or designer to be qualified for EASA certifications [183].…”

Section: Eurocaementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Data Link Candidates for Civilian Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Survey

Zolanvari

Jain

Salman

2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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This survey studies the potential data link candidates for unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs). There has been tremendous growth in different applications of UAVs such as lifesaving and rescue missions, commercial use, recreations, etc. Unlike the traditional wireless communications, the data links for these systems do not have any general standardized framework yet to ensure safe co-existence of UAVs with other flying vehicles. This motivated us to provide a comprehensive survey of potential data link technologies available for UAVs. Our goal is to study the current trends and available candidates and carry out a comprehensive comparison among them. The contribution of this survey is to highlight the strength and weakness of the current data link options and their suitability to satisfy the UAVs communication requirements. Satellite links, cellular technologies, Wi-Fi and several similar wireless technologies are studied thoroughly in this paper. We also focus on several available promising standards that can be modified for these data links. Then, we discuss standard-related organizations that are working actively in the area of civilian unmanned systems. Finally, we bring up some future challenges in this area with several potential solutions to motivate further research work. Index Terms-Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), civilian applications, data link, satellite communication, cellular communication, aviation standards, standard bodies, future challenges. SATCOM Provider ATC Pilot Cellular Provider Satellite UAV Cellular Tower Fig. 1 2 2) Network RequirementsThere are several survey papers discussing the requirements for UAS data link such as [2], and [9][10][11][12][13][14]. For example, the requirements for the UASs based on four different areas of missions, communication networks, communication data links, navigation, and surveillance are discussed in [2]. Several detailed discussions about the communication data link requirements such as range, velocity, latency, reliability, availability, integrity, security, and bit rate are provided. As another instance, a survey of UAVs communication requirements has been studied in [9]. These requirements are based on four categories of UAV applications (i.e., search and rescue, area coverage, delivery/transportation, and construction). Moreover, the important requirements and considerations regarding the network layer of UAV communications have been discussed in [14]. 3) Channel ModelingChannel modeling must be studied for designing and evaluating proper UAV data links for different applications. There have been several research work and surveys on channel modeling for UAV communications, such as [15][16][17][18]. For instance, a comprehensive survey on channel modeling for UAV communications is provided in [15]. Different channel modeling approaches along with the associated challenges have been studied. 4) Our ContributionWe have studied the existing survey papers on the aforementioned issues related to the UAV data links. In this s...

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Section: Eurocaementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Data Link Candidates for Civilian Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Survey

Zolanvari

Jain

Salman

2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Switzerland Das Eidgeno¨ssische Departement fu¨r Umwelt Verkehr Energie und Kommunikation 14 has a class of less than 30 kg (with limited liability insurance requirements for less than 500 g). NASA Maddalon et al 15 has 'category I' at less than 25 kg (and less than 36 m/s).…”

Section: National Regulation Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass threshold for ‘harmless’ drones

Cour-Harbo

2017

International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles

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Today it is possible to buy small and cheap drones in toy stores, supermarkets, and on numerous online shops. Often, these drones are very lightweight and are flown in backyards, sport fields, parking lots, and such places. They typically pose no lethal threat to people in the vicinity of the drone. Nonetheless, in many countries such drones are regulated by aviation rules that does not (sufficiently well) distinguish between these drones and the larger hobby or professional drones. Consequently such small drones are flown illegally. This has prompted some national aviation authorities to consider a form of 'harmless' category, which ideally should be based on a mass threshold. To aid such a classification this work proposes a mass threshold of 250 g, below which, we argue, it is reasonable to classify drones as 'harmless' in the sense that the expected fatality rate is equivalent to that of manned aviation. In this work we combine a series of models and methods to provide a foundation for giving a mass threshold. The approach is probabilistic and focuses on the relation between mass and human injury in the case of small drones. The approach is also parameterized such that readers can substitute other probabilities and conduct their own calculations, possibly determining a different mass threshold.

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“…Aerial UAV platforms have been classified according to different criteria such as weight, airspeed, purpose, etc. (Maddalon et al, 2013). To put it simply we could consider three different categories: multirotor (Rinaudo et al, 2012) (Brumana et al, 2013), mini-helicopter (Lambers et al, 2007) and fixed-wing (Chiabrando et al, 2011).…”

Section: Applicability Of Uav Technology In Archaeological Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV archaeological reconstruction: The study case of Chamartin Hillfort (Avila, Spain)

Muñoz-Nieto

Rodríguez‐Gonzálvez

Gonzales-Aguilera

et al. 2014

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is a common technique for 3D modelling in a low-cost way. This technique is becoming essential to analyse the cultural heritage, e.g. historical buildings, monuments and archaeological remains in order not only to preserve them, but for disseminate accurate graphic information. The study case of Chamartin hillfort (Ávila, Spain) provided us the opportunity to apply automation techniques to generate geomatic products with high metric quality. A novel photogrammetric software tool was used with the aim to achieve high resolution orthophoto and 3D models of complex sites. This tool allows a flexible way for heritage documentation, since it incorporates robust algorithms to cope with a wide range of studies cases and shooting configurations. * Corresponding author. This is useful to know for communication with the appropriate person in cases with more than one author.

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Considerations of Unmanned Aircraft Classification for Civil Airworthiness Standards

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Potential Data Link Candidates for Civilian Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Survey

Potential Data Link Candidates for Civilian Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Survey

Mass threshold for ‘harmless’ drones

UAV archaeological reconstruction: The study case of Chamartin Hillfort (Avila, Spain)

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