Consistency in Polyclonal T-cell Responses to Gluten Between Children and Adults With Celiac Disease

Lack of immunogenicity of hydrolysed wheat flour in patients with coeliac disease after a short‐term oral challenge

“…According to our expectation, we observed that natural gluten‐reactive T cells were not significantly elevated in the peripheral blood after the hydrolysed gluten consumption, even when the peripheral blood cells were stimulated with a high concentration of gliadin. A comparable result was obtained when evaluating the response to the immunodominant 33‐mer peptide, which was recently reported to be among the most active of peptides both in adult patients and paediatric coeliac patients . In contrast with the results of the consumption of the hydrolysed wheat, the short‐term natural wheat consumption induced a significant increase in T cells that react to both natural gliadin and the immunogenic 33‐mer peptide.…”

T Cells in Celiac Disease

“…However it is unlikely that the same phenomenon will be observed with HLA-DQ2.5 given the more pronounced deamidation dependence for DQ2.5 restricted than DQ8 restricted gluten-reactive T cells. Initial studies of T cells from pediatric CD patients indicated a broad response with reactivity towards multiple gliadin and glutenin peptides and recognition of non-deamidated peptides (29), but a recent follow-up study was unable to replicate this finding on deamidation independence of DQ2.5 restricted T cells (85). Studies in mice suggested that TG2 is not constitutively active in the intestine (86), and that activation may be induced by viral signals (86) and IFN-γ (87).…”

Gliadin‐reactive T cells in Italian children from preventCD cohort at high risk of celiac disease

“…Despite this limitation, the three most active peptides, (α‐17mer, ω‐17mer, DQ2‐γ‐I), were efficiently recognized in three children with normal biopsies analyzed (Fig. ) .…”

“…Indeed, three immunodominant peptides (DQ2.5‐glia‐α‐1/2, DQ2.5‐glia‐ω‐1/2, and DQ2.5‐glia‐γ‐1) have been found to account for more than 95% of the T‐cell response to gluten in adult celiacs . A very recent study demonstrated a profile of immunodominant epitopes in pediatric CD not dissimilar from that found in adults and confirmed that deamidation greatly increases T‐cell responses . Besides a strong Th1 response to gluten, which mediates mucosal damage , anti‐inflammatory T cells have been described in CD gut mucosa .…”