Conspiracy Beliefs Are Not Necessarily a Barrier to Engagement in HIV Care Among Urban, Low-Income People of Color Living with HIV

Jaiswal, Jessica; Singer, Stuart N.; Tomas, M. Griffin; Lekas, Helen Maria

doi:10.1007/s40615-018-0466-1

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…HIV prevention and current treatment were also affected by MM (n = 7). In three studies 31,51,53 MM was not discussed as influencing behavioral responses; in these studies, the participants saw the value of self-care over the impact of MM on behaviors.…”

Section: Qualitative Studies Of MMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Yet Unclear: A Systematic Review of Medical Mistrust

Benkert

Cuevas

Thompson

et al. 2019

Behavioral Medicine

150

106

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Peer-reviewed articles (n = 124) examining associations between medical mistrust (MM) and health outcomes from four databases, between January 1998 and May 2018, were reviewed; 36 qualitative and 88 quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The Williams and Mohammed framework guided our narrative synthesis of the studies; it argues that basic causes (e.g., biased institutions) affect the social status of marginalized groups which in turn effects multiple proximal pathways leading to responses and poor health. Most studies were cross-sectional with US-based samples. The MM in qualitative studies were categorized as interpersonal (n = 30), systemic (n = 22), and/or vicarious (n = 18); 25% did not explicitly note the basic causes of MM and race/ ethnicity was often confounded with socioeconomic status (SES). All but three studies discussed an association between MM and a behavior response; no study focused on an actual health outcome. Most quantitative studies used multivariate regression analyses; only 15 of the 88 utilized advanced modeling techniques (e.g., mediation). Most (75%) studies did not describe basic causes for MM and 43% utilized low income samples. MM was conceptualized as a predictor/proximal pathway (in 73 studies) associated with a variety of responses, most commonly behavioral (e.g., diminished adherence); 14 studies found an association between MM and a specific health measure. This review underscores the need for future qualitative studies to place MM central to their research questions as in-depth descriptions of MM were limited. Future quantitative studies should replicate findings using more advanced analytical strategies that examine the relationship between MM and health outcomes.

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Section: Qualitative Studies Of MMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Yet Unclear: A Systematic Review of Medical Mistrust

Benkert

Cuevas

Thompson

et al. 2019

Behavioral Medicine

150

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, our finding could be interpreted inversely, as those who believe that COVID-19 came about naturally were less likely to adhere to PrEP or ART during the initial peak of the pandemic. Although this relationship may appear counterintuitive, past research on HIV conspiracy beliefs and HIV care engagement found similar trends among racial minority people living with HIV [ 20 , 35 ]. For example, a past study showed that Black individuals from a nationally representative sample who believed in HIV conspiracy theories were more likely to get tested for HIV [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs are not Barriers to HIV Status Neutral Care Among Black Cisgender Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women at the Initial Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chicago, USA

et al. 2022

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We examined associations between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and HIV status neutral care engagement among Black cisgender sexual minority men (BCSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW). Throughout April–July 2020, a total of 226 (222 in the current analysis: 196 BCSMM, 20 BTW, and 6 other) participants in Chicago’s Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) cohort study completed virtual assessments. Participants reported their HIV status, changes in the frequency of PrEP/ART use, and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. Three-quarters of the sample believed at least one conspiracy theory that COVID-19 was either government-created or lab-created accidentally or purposefully. Believing one or more COVID-19 conspiracy theories was significantly associated with better PrEP or ART engagement (using PrEP more frequently or continuously using PrEP/Missing ART less or continuously using ART) (aPR = 0.75 [95% CI 0.56–0.99], p < 0.05). Believing COVID-19 came about naturally was strongly associated with worse PrEP engagement (i.e., use PrEP less or not on PrEP) or worse ART engagement (i.e., missed ART more or not on ART) (aPR = 1.56 [95% CI 1.23, 1.98], p < 0.001). Findings suggested substantial COVID-19 conspiracies among BCSMM and BTW, and this was associated with HIV care engagement.

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“…Of those reporting that they started medical treatment at the time of diagnosis in 2010/2011, 56 (of 60) disagreed that HIV/AIDS was meant as genocide, and 52 of 65 agreed that that government was telling the truth. Other studies have concluded that conspiracy beliefs are not related to HIV treatment delays or adherence [72,73] The belief that government was telling the truth about HIV/AIDS was related to greater satisfaction with medical services (not satisfied to very satisfied) in 2000/2001 (.358, p = .001), but the relationship between satisfaction and HIV as genocide was not statistically significant (.184, p. = .051). A general question on satisfaction with medical care was missing in the 2010/2011 data since that question was asked per service provider.…”

Section: Hiv/aids Rumorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

HIV Beliefs Among African Americans with HIV/AIDS in the Deep South Can Time Heal Old Wounds?

Parsons

2021

J Health Care and Research

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This study explored rumors about HIV among HIV+ African Americans in Louisiana, comparing the results of surveys conducted in 2000/2001 and 2010/2011. This investigation sought to determine if the passage of time would diminish malicious intent and benign neglect beliefs. The study employed quantitative descriptive statistics to produce the comparison. This research should be considered exploratory only because of the stated limitations. The results indicated that the benign-neglect belief of government truthfulness about the disease had not diminished in the decade. In contrast, the strength of belief in the malicious-intent rumor of HIV/AIDS as genocide had declined. The study further examined relationships between the HIV beliefs and certain characteristics of the samples. Bivariate analyses revealed that education was not related to HIV beliefs in 2000/2001 but was related to the HIV/AIDS as genocide in 2010/2011. Further, emotional well-being was mildly related to HIV beliefs in both samples. Several recommendations are offered for future research. Although this study frequently used the term “conspiracy” – the common nomenclature for this type of research, the author joins with others to caution researchers to rethink labeling these beliefs among African Americans as conspiracies. That label too easily casts Black Americans in a light as being paranoid rather than understandably suspicious considering the lived experiences of that group in the Deep South.

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Conspiracy Beliefs Are Not Necessarily a Barrier to Engagement in HIV Care Among Urban, Low-Income People of Color Living with HIV

Abstract: Further research is needed to better understand how structural inequality may shape how people experience mistrust, and how mistrust may factor into the constellation of barriers to consistent engagement in HIV care.

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Ubiquitous Yet Unclear: A Systematic Review of Medical Mistrust

Ubiquitous Yet Unclear: A Systematic Review of Medical Mistrust

COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs are not Barriers to HIV Status Neutral Care Among Black Cisgender Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women at the Initial Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chicago, USA

HIV Beliefs Among African Americans with HIV/AIDS in the Deep South Can Time Heal Old Wounds?

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