Constituents and Antimicrobial Properties of Blue Honeysuckle: A Novel Source for Phenolic Antioxidants

Abstract

The fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle; Caprifoliaceae) and its phenolic fraction were analyzed for nutrients and micronutrients. The phenolic fraction was prepared from berries percolated with 0.1% H3PO4 and SPE using Sepabeads SP207. The sugar and lipid content was analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. The total content of anthocyanins was determined using the pH differential absorbance method and aliphatic acids by capillary electrophoresis. MicroLC-MS/MS was used for determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (the predominant anthocyanin), 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, paeonidin-3-glucoside, 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rutinoside, quercetin, its 3-glucoside, and 3-rutinoside, epicatechin, protocatechuic, gentisic, ellagic, ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and coumaric acids. The phenolic fraction displayed Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reducing (335 +/- 15 microg of gallic acid equivalent/mg) and DPPH and superoxide scavenging activity (IC50 12.1 +/- 0.1 and 115.5 +/- 6.4 microg/mL) and inhibited rat liver microsome peroxidation (IC50 160 +/- 20 microg/mL). The freeze-dried fruit and its phenolic fraction reduced the biofilm formation and adhesion to the artificial surface of Candida parapsilosis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mutans.

Bioactive compounds or metabolites from black raspberries modulate T lymphocyte proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation and Jak/STAT signaling

“…The opportunity for direct and longer exposure at these areas may provide for a more potent local immune modulating effect. Indeed prior studies have provided evidence that anthocyanins and quercetins can reduce biofilm development, formation, and adhesion [43,44]. …”

Effects of Anti-diarrhoeal Herbs on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality in Pigs

“…The other herbs included Japanese-honeysuckle, houttuynia cordata Thumb, laquer tree extract, yellow ginger and hoantchy root which were documented owning the antioxidant, antimicrobial or anti-diarrhoeal property (Chen et al, 2003; Joshua et al, 2005; Irena et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2010). Besides, antioxidant, prevent the villus cells shedding to keep villus height, in order to protecting intestinal integrality, enhancing resistance, reducing appearance of diarrhea (Sies, 1991).…”

Inhibitory effects of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: Crosstalk of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

“…Antibodies against iNOS, COX-2, α-tubulin (B-7), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and corresponding secondary antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Blue honeysuckle fruits were harvested in Jilin region of China, and extracted with a modified method based on previous studies (Jin et al, 2006;Palikova et al, 2008). In brief, blue honeysuckle fruits were homogenized in 75% aqueous ethanol (250 g/l) for 60 min, and then filtered under reduced pressure.…”

“…To know the bioactive compounds in BHE for these actions, we first used HPLC with known standards to identify the phenolic components, especially anthocyanins, since they have been considered as major bioactive components in blue honeysuckle (Chaovanalikit et al, 2004;Palikova et al, 2008). The flavonoids and phenolic acids were analysed at 280 nm, and anthocyanins were then characterized at 520 nm.…”

“…It is traditionally used in folk medicine in China, Russia, and Japan, and recently used for healthy berry in Europe and North America with potential bioactive properties. Phenolic fractions, especially anthocyanins, are considered as major bioactive components in blue honeysuckle due to their antioxidant properties (Chaovanalikit, Thompson, & Wrolstad, 2004;Palikova et al, 2008). In our previous studies, anthocyanidins such as cyanidin and delphinidin showed potential anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in macrophage cell model (Hou, Yanagita, Uto, Masuzaki, & Fujii, 2005).…”