Constituted oxides/nitrides on nitriding 304, 430 and 17-4 PH stainless steel in salt baths over the temperature range 723 to 923K

Shih, Teng Shih; Huang, Yung Sen; Chen, Chi Fan

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.08.010

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This primarily indicates the addition surface oxidation of metals and C present in it. These observations are also matching with the earlier reports. − ,, Similarly, the Cr 2p 3/2 spectra of bare SS and SS-12 were acquired on their surfaces and provided as Figure e and f. The peak at 574.1 eV in both Cr 2p 3/2 spectra of bare SS and SS-12 are due to the presence of some metallic Cr behind the passive oxide layer of the same on their surfaces. However, it is essential to note here that the characteristic metallic Cr peak intensity is significantly reduced in case of SS-12.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These observations are also matching with the earlier reports. [35][36][37]48,49 Similarly, the Cr 2p 3/2 spectra of bare SS and SS-12 were acquired on their surfaces and provided as Figure 3e and f. The peak at 574.1 eV in both Cr 2p 3/2 spectra of bare SS and SS-12 are due to the presence of some metallic Cr behind the passive oxide layer of the same on their surfaces.…”

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Anode from Stainless Steel via Controlled Surface Oxidation and Cr Removal

Anantharaj

Venkatesh

Salunke

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Improving the water oxidation performance of abundantly available materials, such as stainless steel (SS), with notable intrinsic electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity due to the presence of Ni and Fe is highly anticipated in water splitting. A new method for promoting the corrosion of stainless steel (304) was found which assisted the uniform formation of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) enhancing NiO incorporated Fe2O3 nanocrystals with the simultaneous reduction in the surface distribution of OER inactive Cr. An equimolar combination of KOH and hypochlorite was used as the corroding agent at 180 °C. The effect of corrosion time on the OER activity was studied and found that better water oxidation performance was observed when the corrosion time was 12 h (SS-12). The SS-12 showed an abnormal enhancement in OER activity compared to the untreated SS and other optimized versions of the same by requiring very low overpotentials of 260, 302, and 340 mV at the current densities of 10, 100, and 500 mA cm–2 along with a very low Tafel slope in the range of 35.6 to 43.5 mV dec–1. These numbers have certainly shown the high-performance electrocatalytic water oxidizing ability of SS-12. The comparative study revealed that the state-of-the-art IrO2 had failed to compete with our performance improved catalytic water oxidation anode “the SS-12”. This fruitful finding indicates that the SS-12 has the potential to be an alternate anode material to precious IrO2/RuO2 for alkaline water electrolyzers in future.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Anode from Stainless Steel via Controlled Surface Oxidation and Cr Removal

Anantharaj

Venkatesh

Salunke

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 shows XRD diffraction patterns of samples after different preoxidation methods. It clearly shows that though Fe3O4 phase formed on the surface after different preoxidation process, the relative content of Fe3O4 is different, which can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the strongest peak of Fe3O4 to the strongest peak of α-Fe [19,20], and it can be seen that the relative content of Fe3O4 treated by salt bath preoxidation is much higher than that treated by air preoxidation. Therefore, the salt bath preoxidation enhancement effect on salt bath nitriding is greater than air preoxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salt Bath Preoxidation and Air Preoxidation for Salt Bath Nitriding

Mei

Dai

et al. 2019

Acta Metall Slovaca

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<p class="AMSmaintext1">Salt bath preoxidation was primarily conducted prior to salt bath nitriding, and the effect on salt bath nitriding was compared with that of conventional air preoxidation. Characterization of the modified surface layer was made by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro-hardness tester and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the salt bath preoxidation could significantly enhance the nitriding efficiency. The thickness of compound layer was increased from 13.3μm to 20.8μm by salt bath preoxidation, more than 60% higher than that by conventional air preoxidation under the same salt bath nitriding parameters of 560℃ and 120min. Meanwhile, higher cross-section hardness and thicker effective hardening layer were obtained by salt bath preoxidation, and the enhancement mechanism of salt bath preoxidation was discussed.</p>

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Microstructure Characteristics of the Compound Layer Cracked during Grinding on QPQ‐Treated Cr‐Containing Steel Shafts

et al. 2023

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Cr‐containing structural steels with quench‐polish‐quench (QPQ)‐treated surfaces are noticed having higher grinding cracking tendency compared to plain carbon steels. Herein, the compound layers of QPQ‐treated shafts produced from 20Cr and 40Cr steels by performing XRD, SEM, EDS, and microindentation measurements are investigated. The differences between the compound layers on the shafts with and without cracks are compared in morphology and element distribution. It is revealed that the basic reason of grinding cracking is the imperfect compound layer with serious porosities. The formation of serious porosities is mainly due to the inhibition of the outward diffusion of the nitrogen molecules from the nitride layer. Stronger nitride‐forming element Cr is considered to strengthen this inhibition.

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Constituted oxides/nitrides on nitriding 304, 430 and 17-4 PH stainless steel in salt baths over the temperature range 723 to 923K

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Anode from Stainless Steel via Controlled Surface Oxidation and Cr Removal

High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Anode from Stainless Steel via Controlled Surface Oxidation and Cr Removal

Comparison of Salt Bath Preoxidation and Air Preoxidation for Salt Bath Nitriding

Microstructure Characteristics of the Compound Layer Cracked during Grinding on QPQ‐Treated Cr‐Containing Steel Shafts

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