Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: The Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy

Tinti, Elisa; Casarotti, Emanuele; Ulrich, Thomas; Taufiqurrahman, Taufiq; Li, Duo; Gabriel, Alice-Agnes

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117237

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The seismic moment of the broadband model is 2.8 × 10 18 Nm, corresponding to M w = 6.24, which is comparable to the reference model with 2.6 × 10 18 Nm seismic moment (M w = 6.20). We highlight that both models recover the remarkably weak and slow nucleation phase (Gallovič et al, 2019b;, as was also inferred for the Norcia earthquake (Tinti et al, 2021). The nucleation is followed by bilateral rupture, which is slower toward the NW than toward the SE in both models.…”

Section: Rupture Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Besides the dynamic source inversion used here, kinematic slip models can serve as a reference model as well (e.g., Ma et al, 2008). However, the choices required for conversion in the latter approach may lead to several families of plausible dynamic rupture scenarios that need additional (e.g., geological) constraints to be distinguished (Tinti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source process of the Amatrice event has been imaged using seismic data (Pizzi et al, 2017;, geodetic data (e.g., Cheloni et al, 2017;Walters et al, 2018), or both (Cirella et al, 2018;Kheirdast et al, 2021), suggesting pronounced source heterogeneities. However, kinematic finite-fault inversions are challenged by inherent non-uniqueness (Gallovič & Ampuero, 2015;Mai et al, 2016;Ragon et al, 2018;Shimizu et al, 2020;Tinti et al, 2021). Dynamic source inversions recovering friction parameters and the initial state of fault stress offer a data-driven source description compatible with earthquake physics (e.g., Peyrat & Olsen, 2004) but require a sufficiently simple dynamic rupture model to reduce the computational cost of the forward problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

Taufiqurrahman

Gabriel

Ulrich

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Simulations of broadband (>1 Hz) ground motions are of great importance to seismologists and the earthquake engineering community. Even though we often lack detailed knowledge of the subsurface and earthquake source processes at small scales, it is essential to understand the generation and characteristics of the high-frequency seismic wavefield coinciding with most buildings' resonance frequencies. Broadband ground motions have been successfully simulated using hybrid techniques (e.g., Graves & Pitarka, 2010;Mai et al., 2010; Sommerville et al., 1999) that combine low-frequency deterministic ground motion synthetics with stochastically generated high-frequency components. While classical kinematic approaches are tremendously useful specifically for seismic hazard assessment and engineering, they do not guarantee a physically consistent source description and do not permit data-driven inferences on the fundamentals of how faults slip co-seismically, specifically on smaller scales (Burjánek & Zahradník, 2007;Mai et al., 2016;Tinti et al., 2005). Dynamic rupture models provide mechanically viable correlations among macroscopic earthquake rupture parameters, such as slip rate and rupture time, rooted in laboratory-derived friction laws and elastodynamics (Guatteri et al., 2004;Savran & Olsen, 2020;Schmedes et al., 2010). Nevertheless, mainly due to the associated computational demands at high frequencies, fully dynamic rupture scenarios have rarely been validated against real seismograms in a broad frequency range.

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Section: Rupture Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

Taufiqurrahman

Gabriel

Ulrich

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…There was no reason to propose mixed-type faulting. Mixed faulting styles may include, for example, superposition of strike-slip and normal faulting (Hallo et al, 2017;Tinti et al, 2021), or strike-slip and reverse faulting (e.g., Hallo et al, 2019;Liu & Zahradník, 2020;Sokos et al, 2020). They are often indicated by large compensated-linear-vector-dipole (CLVD) components, which is not our case, as we obtained the deviatoric CMT with DC ∼100%.…”

Section: Fault Planesmentioning

confidence: 66%

An Atypical Shallow Mw 5.3, 2021 Earthquake in the Western Corinth Rift (Greece)

et al. 2022

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Moderate‐to‐large earthquakes in rifts may occur on leading boundary faults or inner antithetic faults. Here we show a rare case of the 2020–2021 seismic sequence in the Corinth rift, that culminated in the shallow rupture of the antithetic fault, neither preceded nor followed by the leading fault rupture. The hypocenter of the largest shock (Mw 5.3 of 17 February 2021) was located at ∼8 km depth. However, seismic waveform data, supported by satellite‐geodetic and tide gauge measurements, pointed to rupture at shallow depth (∼3 km), where no earthquakes were previously observed. We show that the earthquake most probably ruptured two orthogonal, conjugate fault segments: a weak nucleation phase occurred in the microseismically highly active sub‐horizontal detachment layer, followed – a few seconds later – by a larger, shallow moment release on a high‐angle, south‐dipping normal fault. The latter is the Mornos offshore fault, antithetic to the leading, north‐dipping Psathopyrgos fault. Our study presents the first instrumental/observational evidence of a very shallow Mw 5+ event in this rift – and one of the few reported worldwide. The depth limit of the main shallow slip patch coincides with the expected crossing of the Mornos fault with the Psathopyrgos fault, stressing the importance of fault segmentation and rooting inherited from the rift history. This unusual shallow slip in a depth range with little background seismicity and few aftershocks needs to be further investigated by dynamic modeling as a possible prototype of hazardous events in rift environments.

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“…Despite these limitations, some relevant aspects from attempted inversions are reported in Text S1 in Supporting Information S1. The overarching ambition of our work is to shed light on dynamic weakening mechanisms and to constrain constitutive parameters to be included in physically-and geologically-based dynamic earthquake rupture simulations (Gabriel et al, 2012;Murphy et al, 2018;Tinti et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Parameters Characteristic of Dynamic Weakening Mechanisms During Seismic Faulting in Cohesive Rocks

et al. 2022

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Earthquakes are certainly one of the most important manifestations of faulting and the understanding of dynamic fault weakening during the initiation and the propagation of a seismic rupture is a major task for geoscientists. In particular, understanding how shear stress varies with slip is still a key challenge to tackle in order to interpret the mechanisms governing dynamic fault weakening during earthquakes (Rice, 2006). Earthquake ruptures propagate at speeds of ∼km/s reaching slip-rates of ∼1 m/s within the fault zone at depth in the Earth's crust (Heaton, 1990;Rice & Cocco, 2007). Under these quite extreme deformation conditions, fault rocks experience

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Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: The Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

An Atypical Shallow Mw 5.3, 2021 Earthquake in the Western Corinth Rift (Greece)

Determination of Parameters Characteristic of Dynamic Weakening Mechanisms During Seismic Faulting in Cohesive Rocks

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Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: The Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 Mw 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 Mw 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

An Atypical Shallow Mw 5.3, 2021 Earthquake in the Western Corinth Rift (Greece)

Determination of Parameters Characteristic of Dynamic Weakening Mechanisms During Seismic Faulting in Cohesive Rocks

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Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake

Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 M_w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake