Abstract.In this paper we set bounds on the radiation content of the Universe and neutrino properties by using the WMAP-5 year CMB measurements complemented with most of the existing CMB and LSS data (WMAP5+All), imposing also self-consistent BBN constraints on the primordial helium abundance. We consider lepton asymmetric cosmological models parametrized by the neutrino degeneracy parameter ξ ν and the variation of the relativistic degrees of freedom, ∆N oth ef f , due to possible other physical processes occurred between BBN and structure formation epochs.We get a mean value of the effective number of relativistic neutrino species of N ef f = 3.256 +0.607 −0.641 (68% CL), bringing an important improvement over the similar result obtained from WMAP5+BAO+SN+HST data [57]. We also find a strong correlation between Ω m h 2 and z eq , showing that we observe N ef f mainly via the effect of z eq , rather than via neutrino anisotropic stress as claimed by the WMAP team [57].WMAP5+All data provides a strong bound on helium mass fraction of Y p = 0.2486 ± 0.0085 (68% CL), that rivals the bound on Y p obtained from the conservative analysis of the present data on helium abundance.For neutrino degeneracy parameter we find a bound of −0.216 ≤ ξ ν ≤ 0.226 (68%CL), that represent an important improvement over the similar result obtained by using the WMAP 3-year data.The inclusion in the analysis of LSS data reduces the upper limit of the neutrino mass to m ν < 0.419 eV (95% CL) with respect to the values obtained from the analysis from WMAP5-only data [56] and WMAP5+BAO+SN+HST data [57].We forecast that the CMB temperature and polarization measurements observed with high angular resolutions and sensitivities by the future Planck satellite will reduces the errors on ξ ν and Y p down to σ(ξ ν ) ≃ 0.089 (68% CL) and σ(Y p ) = 0.013 (68% CL) respectively, values fully consistent with the BBN bounds on these parameters.This work has been done on behalf of Planck-LFI activities.PACS numbers: CMBR theory, dark matter, cosmological neutrinos, big bang nucleosynthesis WMAP 5-year constraints on lepton asymmetry and radiation energy density: Implications for Planck2