Constraints on the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer at high latitude environments (Svalbard, Norway)

Peterse, Francien; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Schouten, Stefan; Kristensen, Dorthe Klitgaard; Koç, N.; Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.004

Cited by 260 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hopmans et al, 2004;Weijers et al, 2009;Peterse et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2012). However, brGDGTs have been shown to be also produced in situ in small amount in marine sediments (Peterse et al, 2009, Zhu et al 2011). Indeed, their presence in the IPL-derived fraction could indicate that they are, in part, produced in situ.…”

Section: Oxic Degradation Of Brgdgts -Cl and Iplmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are used in various proxies, such as TEX 86 and the BIT index. In living cells, GDGTs contain polar head groups (intact polar lipids -IPLs). IPL GDGTs have also been detected in ancient marine sediments and it is unclear whether or not they are fossil entities or are part of living cells. In order to determine the extent of degradation of IPL GDGTs over geological timescales, we analyzed turbidite deposits, which had been partly reoxidized for several kyr after deposition on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Analysis of core lipid (CL) and IPL-derived GDGTs showed a reduction in concentration by two orders of magnitude upon post-depositional oxidation, while IPL GDGTs with a mono-or dihexose head group decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The BIT index for CL-and IPL-derived GDGTs increased substantially upon oxidation from 0.1 to up to 0.5. Together with changing MBT/ CBT values, this indicates preferential preservation of soil-derived branched GDGTs over marine isoprenoid GDGTs, combined with in situ production of branched GDGTs in the sediment. The TEX 86 value for IPL-derived GDGTs decreased by 0.07 upon oxidation, while that of CL GDGTs showed no significant change. Isolation of IPLs revealed that the TEX 86 value of monohexose GDGTs was 0.55, while the TEX 86 value for dihexose GDGTs was substantially higher, 0.70. Thus, the decrease in TEX 86 for IPL-derived GDGTs was in agreement with the dominance of monohexose GDGTs in the oxidized turbidite, probably caused by a combination of in situ production as well as selective preservation of terrestrial isoprenoid GDGTs. Due to the low amount of IPL GDGTs vs. CL GDGTs, the impact of IPL degradation on CL-based TEX 86 paleotemperature estimates is negligible.

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Section: Oxic Degradation Of Brgdgts -Cl and Iplmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the pH of African soils is typically much lower (<8; Weijers et al, 2007) it suggests that these brGDGTs are produced in situ in marine sediments (cf. Peterse et al, 2009) .…”

Section: Oxic Degradation Of Brgdgts -Cl and Iplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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“…Moreover, Peterse et al [20] observed that the MBT-CBT ratio should only be used at sites with a catchment area where sufficient soil formation takes place and the soil thereby contains substantial amounts of branched GDGTs. To estimate the input of allochthonous terrigenous isoprenoid GDGTs, Weijers et al [34] suggested using the BIT index.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since branched GDGTs are transported into water bodies, they become part of the sedimentary archive. Their distribution, expressed in the methylation index of branched tetraethers and cyclisation ratio of branched tetraethers (MBT-CBT), can be used to explain and assess past soil pH and temperature change on land, and in geological or recent times, including the last glacial-interglacial transition [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

Machado¹,

Froehnerb²

2015

J Earth Sci Clim Change

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Keywords: Climatic changes; Little ice age; n-Alkane distributions; GDGT proxies IntroductionThe period which was subjected to much colder winters followed by warmer periods is known as the little ice age (LIA). It documented as being between about 1300 and 1870 (Mann, 2002). However, climate change could vary geographically [1]. The period is divided into two phases; the first was around 1300 until the late 1400s and the second warmer period was in in the 1500s [2]. The period between 1600 and 1850 marks its height and was characterized by changes in the hydrological cycle and perturbation of the ecosystem [2-4].Even although there much evidence for the LIA, the causes and mechanism are still under debate. The only certainty is that it was a global event. Most studies have focused on the northern hemisphere [3][4][5], and there are few studies demonstrating the occurrence of the event in the southern hemisphere. For instance, in South America [6,7], advance in glaciers in the Andes was demonstrated [8], as well as aridity in the lowlands of Argentina [9] and Venezuela [8], and there is evidence from mountain glaciers suggesting increasing glaciation in Patagonia [10]. In Brazil, some studies have demonstrated change in vegetation composition during the LIA and sea level regression in northeastern and southeastern Brazil [11][12][13].At present, paleoclimate can be reconstructed due the widespread occurrence of biomarkers multi-proxy data derived from them. The spatial and temporal character of such putative climate epochs revived the discussion and understanding of and mechanism for the LIA, as well as of the implications for climate change in the future.Typically, n-alkanes are derived from different sources (algae, photosynthetic bacteria and higher plants [14]. Different distribution patterns of n-alkanes in sediments provides information about different climatic environments and hence is widely used to understand the evolution of vegetation and reconstruct environmental changes [14,15]. The magnitude of the anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment was recently measured from biomarker distributions [4,14]. Yet, some biomarkers can be more specific in their information than n-alkanes. For example, increasing attention has been driven to glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) compounds, polar basic constituents of the cell membrane and comprising a polar head group bonded to a non-polar hydrocarbon [16]. The structures of GDGTs are temperature dependent. When temperature increases, cyclopentane moieties are formed within the isoprenoid chain [17]. With more cyclopentane rings, the membrane is kept in a liquid crystalline state and, as a consequence, proton permeation is reduced.According to Weijers et al. [18] there are some environmental controls on the distributions of GDGTs, so two indices were proposed for quantifying the degree of methylation (MBT) and cyclization (CBT), both being effective in palaeoenvironmental studies to reconstruct mean annual air temperature (MAAT). Since branche...

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“…Diagenetic effects on BIT index are regarded minute due to the structural similarity of the compounds involved (Schouten et al, 2013). Possible constraints on the application of the BIT index include potential in situ production of branched GDGTs in the water column (Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2009) and marine sediments (Peterse et al, 2009) as well as the potential production of crenarchaeol 10 in soils (Weijers et al, 2006).…”

Section: Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20<sup>th</sup> century

Jokinen¹,

Virtasalo²,

Jilbert³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The anthropogenically forced expansion of coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem affecting coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles throughout the world. The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed shelf sea whose central deep basins have been highly prone to deoxygenation during its Holocene history, as shown previously by numerous paleoenvironmental studies. However, long-term data on past fluctuations in the intensity of hypoxia in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea are largely lacking, despite the significant role of these areas in retaining nutrients derived from the catchment.Here 5 we present a 1500-year multiproxy record of near-bottom water redox changes from the coastal zone of the northern Baltic Sea, encompassing the climatic phases of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and the Modern Warm Period (MoWP). Our reconstruction shows that although multicentennial climate variability has modulated depositional conditions and delivery of organic matter (OM) to the basin the modern aggravation of coastal hypoxia is unprecedented, and besides gradual changes in the basin configuration, it must have been forced by excess human-induced nutrient loading. The 10 progressive deoxygenation since the beginning of 1900s was originally triggered by the combined effects of gradual shoaling of the basin and warming climate, which amplified sediment focusing and increased the vulnerability to hypoxia. Importantly, the anthropogenic eutrophication of coastal waters in our study area began decades earlier than previously thought, leading to a marked aggravation of hypoxia in the 1950s through fueling primary productivity, while we find no evidence of anthropogenic forcing during the MCA. These results have implications for the assessment of reference conditions for coastal 15 water quality. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for combined use of sedimentological, ichnological, and geochemical proxies in order to robustly reconstruct subtle redox shifts especially in dynamic, non-euxinic coastal settings with strong seasonal contrasts in the bottom water quality. 25Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Constraints on the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer at high latitude environments (Svalbard, Norway)

Cited by 260 publications

References 31 publications

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20<sup>th</sup> century

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Constraints on the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer at high latitude environments (Svalbard, Norway)

Cited by 260 publications

References 31 publications

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century

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A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20<sup>th</sup> century