Constraints on the behavior of trace elements in the actively-forming TAG deposit, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, based on LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite

Grant, Hannah; Hannington, Mark D.; Petersen, Sven; Frische, Matthias; Fuchs, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.019

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Copper concentrations in pyrite and marcasite are variable but are commonly observed at concentrations >100 ppm Cu in our samples. This is consistent with published data ( Figure 4A; [114,147,152]). Commonly, Zn concentrations lie above 100 ppm and are more often associated with pyrite than marcasite ( Figure S3).…”

Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 94%

“…Commonly, Zn concentrations lie above 100 ppm and are more often associated with pyrite than marcasite ( Figure S3). Again, published Zn concentrations for pyrite are consistent with our study [84,109,114,115,140,152]. Pyrite that shows elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn (up to 1 wt %) is not restricted to a specific geological setting, largely due to the availability of these two metals across all sample suites.…”

Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 88%

“…As these vents are characterised by some of the highest exit temperatures (>407 • C; [157]), these higher temperatures may provide a higher solubility of Pb when compared to other MOR sites. The element pairs As-Sb, Pb-Sb and Pb-Ag all positively correlate within pyrite and marcasite (of all textures) from TAG and Turtle Pits ( Figure 10) consistent with As-Sb behaviour in pyrite from Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser et al (2015) and Grant et al (2018) [77,152]. Positive correlations between As-Sb are unexpected, where direct competition for lattice sites might be conceived unless there are substitutions occurring as both anions and cations for either As and/or Sb.…”

Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 78%

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Geological, Mineralogical and Textural Impacts on the Distribution of Environmentally Toxic Trace Elements in Seafloor Massive Sulfide Occurrences

et al. 2019

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With mining of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) coming closer to reality, it is vital that we have a good understanding of the geochemistry of these occurrences and the potential toxicity impact associated with mining them. In this study, SMS samples from seven hydrothermal fields from various tectonic settings were investigated by in-situ microanalysis (electron microprobe (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) to highlight the distribution of potentially-toxic trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cd, As, Sb, Co, Ni, Bi, Ag and Hg) within the deposits, their minerals and textures. We demonstrate that a combination of mineralogy, trace element composition and texture characterisation of SMS from various geotectonic settings, when considered along with our current knowledge of oxidation rates and galvanic coupling, can be used to predict potential toxicity of deposit types and individual samples and highlight which may be of environmental concern. Although we cannot quantify toxicity, we observe that arc-related sulfide deposits have a high potential toxicity when compared with deposits from other tectonic settings based on their genetic association of a wide range of potentially toxic metals (As, Sb, Pb, Hg, Ag and Bi) that are incorporated into more reactive sulfosalts, galena and Fe-rich sphalerite. Thus, deposits such as these require special care when considered as mining targets. In contrast, the exclusive concern of ultra-mafic deposits is Cu, present in abundant, albeit less reactive chalcopyrite, but largely barren of other metals such as As, Pb, Sb, Cd and Hg. Whilst geological setting does dictate metal endowment, ultimately mineralogy is the largest control of trace element distribution and subsequent potential toxicity. Deposits containing abundant pyrrhotite (high-temperature deposits) and Fe-rich sphalerite (ubiquitous to all SMS deposits) as well as deposits with abundant colloform textures also pose a higher risk. This type of study can be combined with “bulk lethal toxicity” assessments and used throughout the stages of a mining project to help guide prospecting and legislation, focus exploitation and minimise environmental impact.

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Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Pyrrhotite (Pb Co Ni Cu and Zn)supporting

confidence: 78%

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Geological, Mineralogical and Textural Impacts on the Distribution of Environmentally Toxic Trace Elements in Seafloor Massive Sulfide Occurrences

et al. 2019

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“…Most of the in-situ and bulk analyses have Co:Ni ratios of approximately 1 or higher (Figure 8e), indicating a hydrothermal/magmatic origin [39,40]. Selenium could substitute for S in pyrite, and its concentration is controlled by temperature, pH and ΣSe/S ratio of hydrothermal fluids [31]. Selenium dissolution in fluids decreases with increasing temperature, and is nearly completely removed from the fluid phase as H 2 Se at temperatures above 300 • C [35,43].…”

Section: Controls On Trace Element Distribution In Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead, Zn, Cd, Ge, Sr, Bi and Sn more likely exist in pyrite as micro mineral inclusions (such as galena, sphalerite and Bi-bearing minerals) [29,30]. Molybdenum, As and Sb could associate with pyrite both as lattice substitutions and inclusions; Mn, V and U are probably adsorbed onto the mineral's surfaces [31]. Based on these mechanisms of element association and rotation matrix of principal component analysis, Factor 1 represents the elements in micro-inclusions of sulfosalts or galena, Factor 2 can be regarded as a lattice−bound group of elements, Factor 3 refers to the elements in micro-inclusions of sphalerite, Factor 4 refers to the elements in chalcopyrite, Factor 5 may relate to the elements adsorbed onto Fe-sulfide surfaces or lattice-bound elements [31], and Factor 6 may reflect the existence of molybdenite micro-inclusions.…”

Section: Factor Analysis Of Trace Element Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements and Sulfur Isotopes of Sulfides in the Zhangquanzhuang Gold Deposit, Hebei Province, China: Implications for Physicochemical Conditions and Mineral Deposition Mechanisms

Zhen

Wang

et al. 2020

Minerals

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The Zhangquanzhuang gold deposit is a special deposit in the Zhangjiakou district, on the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is characterized by the enrichment of sulfides, the scarcity of tellurides and zero to positive sulfur isotope compositions compared with the famous Dongping and Xiaoyingpan Te-Au-Ag deposit types of the same district. In this paper, we use the in-situ LA-(MC)-ICP-MS and bulk trace element concentrations of pyrite, and in-situ sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides, to study physicochemical conditions and mechanisms of mineral deposition in the Zhangquanzhuang deposit. Pyrite from stage I (PyI) contains high Te contents, pyrite from stage II (PyII) has the highest Co and Ni contents, and pyrite from stage III (PyIII) contains high Cr, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu, Sb, Bi and Au contents. The calculated in-situ δ34SH2S values range from 0.9‰ to 6.1‰, and the values for stages I and II are higher than those for stage III. The mineral assemblages and trace element contents in pyrite show that large amounts of metals precipitated during stage III, in which the pH and logfO2 were constrained within the range of 4.1 to 5.2 and −36.9 to −32.1, respectively. Sulfidation and boiling derived from decreasing pressure may be the main mechanisms leading to mineral deposition in stage III. The Zhangquanzhuang gold deposit was formed in a mineral system that was different from the one that formed the Dongping and Xiaoyingpan Te-Au-Ag deposits, and should thus be called the “Zhangquanzhuang−type” deposit and considered a third gold deposit type in the Zhangjiakou ore field.

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Marcasite at the Permian‐Triassic Transition

Lounejeva

Steadman

Rodemann

et al. 2021

Large Igneous Provinces

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Constraints on the behavior of trace elements in the actively-forming TAG deposit, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, based on LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite

Cited by 105 publications

References 147 publications

Geological, Mineralogical and Textural Impacts on the Distribution of Environmentally Toxic Trace Elements in Seafloor Massive Sulfide Occurrences

Geological, Mineralogical and Textural Impacts on the Distribution of Environmentally Toxic Trace Elements in Seafloor Massive Sulfide Occurrences

Trace Elements and Sulfur Isotopes of Sulfides in the Zhangquanzhuang Gold Deposit, Hebei Province, China: Implications for Physicochemical Conditions and Mineral Deposition Mechanisms

Marcasite at the Permian‐Triassic Transition

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