Construals of self and group: How racial nominalism can promote adaptive intergroup outcomes for interdependent selves

Tawa, John; Montoya, Amanda Kay

doi:10.1177/1368430218784652

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Social constructionist beliefs are theoretically opposed to essentialist beliefs: If a social category is produced by sociocultural forces, then it is not defined by an inherent, natural essence, and vice versa. However, empirical evidence suggests these two types of ontological beliefs about social categories are multidimensional and can vary independently from one another at the individual level, at least to some extent (Tawa & Montoya, 2018). Therefore, individuals are not necessarily "essentialists" or "social constructionists," but might endorse certain subcategories of beliefs of either type and not others (e.g., Grzanka et al, 2016) Although many social constructionist beliefs are theoretically linked to gender/sex diversity affirmation, not all are.…”

Section: Affirming Perspectives On Gender/sex Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links to prejudice

Schudson

Anders

2021

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Prejudice against or affirmation of gender/sex minorities is often framed in terms of beliefs about the ontology of gender/sex (i.e., what gender/sex is), or gender/sex diversity beliefs. We constructed the Gender/Sex Diversity Beliefs Scale (GSDB) to assess ontological beliefs about the nature of gender/sex, including essentialist and social constructionist beliefs, and validated the GSDB across a series of studies. In Study 1 ( N = 304), we explored the factor structure of the GSDB and found evidence of associations with prejudice against transgender and/or nonbinary people. In Study 2 ( N = 300), we assessed the stability of the factor structure of the GSDB and examined its criterion-related validity, including its relationship to feelings toward multiple gender/sex groups. In Studies 3a ( N = 48) and 3b ( N = 500), we established test–retest reliability. We conclude that gender/sex diversity beliefs are important for understanding contemporary attitudes about gender/sex, including prejudice against gender/sex minorities, and that the GSDB is a reliable and valid way to measure them.

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Section: Affirming Perspectives On Gender/sex Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links to prejudice

Schudson

Anders

2021

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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“…A few research studies have explicitly examined social constructionistinstead of or in addition to essentialistbeliefs in race, and have found these beliefs to be related to less racial colorblindness (Tawa and Montoya, 2019), less vulnerability to stereotype threat (Shih et al, 2007), and higher levels of trust (Kung et al, 2018) and comfort toward outgroup members in intergroup settings (Tawa and Montoya, 2019). These correlational and experimental studies rather convincingly support the adverse relation of racial essentialism and intergroup outcomes (and positive relation of social constructionist and intergroup outcomes).…”

Section: The Link Between Racial Essentialism and Intergroup Relationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Less research has examined the other side of this coina more virtuous cyclein which greater or more positive interaction with outgroup members may inform more fluid or complex notions of race (i.e. social constructionist belief in race) and, in turn, endorsement of social constructionist beliefs about race contribute to greater interaction with outgroup members (Kung et al, 2018;Shih et al, 2007;Tawa and Montoya, 2019). These vicious/virtuous processes have generally been inferred from slice-in-time correlational and experimental research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing racial essentialism in the classroom

Tawa

LoPresti

Lynch

2020

JME

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Purpose This study aims to examine how change in white college students’ beliefs about race over the course of a semester impacted their interactions with diverse others. While there is an increasing interest in understanding people's beliefs about race, there has been limited research examining how people’s beliefs about race can and do change over time and how education can facilitate this change. Design/methodology/approach White students (N = 98) at a predominantly white college completed a multidimensional racial essentialism measure and measures of both self-report and behavioral interactions with diversity, at the beginning and end of a semester. Multilevel modeling with time-varying predictors was used to examine how change in beliefs about race related to change in diversity interactions. Findings The impact of racial essentialism on student diversity interaction varied considerably depending on the type of racial essentialism. Higher levels of speciation and genotypic essentialism at Time 1 were related to lower interaction with diversity at Time 2. Decreases in phenotypic essentialism were concurrent with increases in diversity interaction over the duration of the semester. For a subgroup of students enrolled in a race and diversity course, unexpectedly, decreases in genotypic essentialism were concurrent with decreases in diversity interaction. Originality/value By using a multidimensional model of beliefs about race with a longitudinal assessment, this study contributes to our understanding of how specific components of beliefs about race change over time and how change in these beliefs occurs concurrently with students’ diverse interactions. The findings are discussed in relation to the impact of education on students’ peer interactions with diverse others, with specific implications for race and diversity pedagogy.

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“…Higher endorsement of an independent SC can also lead to feelings of exclusion from one's marginalized group (Ferenczi et al, 2015). In contrast, those with a predominant interdependent SC tend to have a stronger collective identity and favor ingroup attitudes, to the detriment of outgroup members (Tawa & Montoya, 2019).…”

Section: Self-construalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on cultural variables often overlooks minority and stigmatized groups (Tawa & Montoya, 2019). Exceptions are studies using a cultural perspective to understand violence and attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people in different parts of the world (e.g., Kite et al, 2019;Moleiro et al, 2021).…”

Section: Self-construalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Cultural Correlates of Identity Management Strategies Among Lesbian and Gay People: The Role of Intergroup Structure and Self-Construal

2022

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Introduction: Lesbian and gay (LG) people often respond to stigmatization by managing their sexual identity. LG people may disassociate from their LGBTQ+ ingroup (i.e., individual strategies) or connect to it (i.e., collective strategies). Yet, many factors that may prompt LG people to use either strategy have been generally unexplored. We explored whether sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age and gender), perceptions of the relationship between theLGBTQ+ ingroup and heterosexual outgroup, and self-construal are associated with identity management strategies among LG people. Methods: A sample of 204 LG people (Mage = 29.78) was collected online via Prolific Academic between 2020-2021. Results: Hierarchical linear regressions showed LG people who perceived the status of their LGTBQ+ ingroup concerning the heterosexual outgroup as legitimate in (im)permeable and (un)stable contexts reported engaging in more individual strategies. Those endorsing an independent self-construal were less likely to engage in individual strategies and conveyed more LGBTQ+ social support. In contrast, those with higher interdependent self-construal were more likely to engage in collective strategies. Gay men were more likely to dissociate from the LGTBQ+ ingroup, while lesbian women were more likely to seek its support. Older LG people reported lower engagement in collective strategies. Conclusion: These findings help paint a picture of how social and cultural variables factor in LG people managing their sexual identity as a possible response to stigma. Policy Implications: Results help inform policies and interventions addressing sexual identitystigma and health inequalities by emphasizing the nuances of individual-level factors among LG people.

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Construals of self and group: How racial nominalism can promote adaptive intergroup outcomes for interdependent selves

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links to prejudice

Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links to prejudice

Deconstructing racial essentialism in the classroom

Social and Cultural Correlates of Identity Management Strategies Among Lesbian and Gay People: The Role of Intergroup Structure and Self-Construal

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