“…Historically, teacher education has relied on scales that that were focused on the narrower concept of discipline (Glickman &Tamashio, 1980;Wolfgang & Glickman, 1986), rather than the broader concept of classroom management that encompasses both behaviour management (BM) and instructional management (IM). It is this broader concept that Martin and her colleagues focused on in developing the Behaviour and Instructional Management Survey, aimed at measuring teachers' perceptions of their approaches to classroom management -both behaviour management and instructional management (Martin & Sass, 2010). Efforts aimed at preventing misbehaviour, along with how a teacher responds to misconduct, are related to BM, whereas IM includes the plans, goals, and tactics teachers use to deliver instruction in a classroom.…”