Construct Validity of the Iowa Gambling Task

Buelow, Melissa T.; Suhr, Julie A.

doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9083-4

Cited by 375 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…A net score was computed using the total number of selections from each card deck with the following formula: (C + D) -(A + B). The construct validity of the IGT has been established primarily through lesion and imaging studies where damage to areas known to mediate decision-making behaviour (ventral medial and orbitofrontal regions) has demonstrated selective impact on IGT performance (Buelow & Suhr, 2009). …”

Section: Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

et al. 2017

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Homeless and marginally housed individuals constitute a socially impoverished population characterized by high rates of multimorbid illness that includes polysubstance use, viral infection, and psychiatric illness. Their extensive exposure to risk factors is associated with numerous poor outcomes, yet little is known about structural brain integrity and its association with neurocognition in this population. In Study 1, we conducted a cluster analysis to re-construct three previously derived subgroups with distinct neurocognitive profiles in a large sample of socially marginalized persons (N = 299). Cluster 1 (n = 87) was characterized as highest functioning overall, whereas Cluster 3 (n = 103) was the lowest functioning neurocognitively, with a relative strength in decision-making. Cluster 2 (n = 109) fell intermediate to the other subgroups, with a relative weakness in decision-making. Next, we examined the association between complementary fronto-temporal cortical brain measures (gyrification, cortical thickness) and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression. Chi-square tests and ANOVAs differentiated subgroups on proxy measures of neurodevelopment and acquired brain insult/risk exposure. We found that greater frontal and temporal gyrification and more proxies of aberrant neurodevelopment were associated with Cluster 3 (lowest functioning subgroup). Further, age moderated the association between orbitofrontal cortical thickness and neurocognition, with positive associations in older adults, and negative associations in younger adults. Finally, greater acquired brain insult/risk exposure was associated with the cluster characterized by selective decisionmaking impairment (Cluster 2), and the higher functioning cluster (Cluster 1). In Study 2, we examined the association between white matter integrity and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression and Tract-based Spatial Statistics. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA), with corresponding increased axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD) in widespread and bilateral brain regions of Cluster 3.Differences in RD were more prominent compared to AD. Altogether, our findings highlight the unique pathways to neurocognitive impairment in a heterogeneous population and help to clarify the vulnerabilities confronted by different subgroups.

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Section: Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

et al. 2017

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“…The laboratory tasks often used to examine sleep deprivation effects on decisions typically do not include elements of updating information over time or revising strategies based on changing circumstances, which are important factors in sleep deprivation-related failures in operational environments. [9][10][11] In addition, evidence from simulated gambling tasks, which are predictive of naturalistic decision making, 12 shows that sleep deprivation affects decisions requiring the ability to weigh the risks and benefits of possible gains and losses. 13 Though reduced activity in frontal lobe circuits involved in the executive control of attention may be involved in these effects, the specific mechanisms that produce sleep deprivation effects on risky decision making are not yet understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback Blunting: Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Decision Making that Requires Updating Based on Feedback

Whitney

Hinson

Jackson

et al. 2015

Sleep

105

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745Sleep Deprivation and Decision Making-Whitney et al. INTRODUCTIONThe effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance is not uniform. 1 In laboratory studies, sleep deprivation has consistently been shown to substantially degrade vigilance and sustained attention, whereas its effects on demanding tests of complex cognition such as decision making appear to be inconsistent and relatively small. 2,3 Paradoxically, in the natural environment there are well-documented deficits in decision making due to sleep deprivation. 4,5 In emergency response, disaster management, military encounters, and other fast-paced situations with uncertain outcomes and imperfect information, good decision making is significantly hampered by sleep deprivation. 6-8Although the lapses of sustained attention that are characteristic of sleep deprivation contribute to errors and accidents, 3,8 attentional lapses are not the whole story of sleep deprivation effects on naturalistic decision making. The laboratory tasks often used to examine sleep deprivation effects on decisions typically do not include elements of updating information over Study Objectives: To better understand the sometimes catastrophic effects of sleep loss on naturalistic decision making, we investigated effects of sleep deprivation on decision making in a reversal learning paradigm requiring acquisition and updating of information based on outcome feedback. Design: Subjects were randomized to a sleep deprivation or control condition, with performance testing at baseline, after 2 nights of total sleep deprivation (or rested control), and following 2 nights of recovery sleep. Subjects performed a decision task involving initial learning of go and no go response sets followed by unannounced reversal of contingencies, requiring use of outcome feedback for decisions. A working memory scanning task and psychomotor vigilance test were also administered. Setting: Six consecutive days and nights in a controlled laboratory environment with continuous behavioral monitoring. Subjects: Twenty-six subjects (22-40 y of age; 10 women). Interventions: Thirteen subjects were randomized to a 62-h total sleep deprivation condition; the others were controls. Results: Unlike controls, sleep deprived subjects had difficulty with initial learning of go and no go stimuli sets and had profound impairment adapting to reversal. Skin conductance responses to outcome feedback were diminished, indicating blunted affective reactions to feedback accompanying sleep deprivation. Working memory scanning performance was not significantly affected by sleep deprivation. And although sleep deprived subjects showed expected attentional lapses, these could not account for impairments in reversal learning decision making. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation is particularly problematic for decision making involving uncertainty and unexpected change. Blunted reactions to feedback while sleep deprived underlie failures to adapt to uncertainty and changing contingencies. Thus, an error may register, but with diminishe...

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“…Despite the increasing use of evaluation paradigms of decision--making skills derived from IGT in children and adolescents samples, we can notice that the frequency of these studies is still much lower if compared with those performed on adult subjects 62 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Avaliação neuropsicológica do processo de tomada de decisões em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Mata¹,

Neves²,

Lage³

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Objective: Nowadays there has been growing interest in the "hot" aspects of the executive functions related to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), in particular in the affective decision-making process in children and adolescents. We reviewed the available literature about the evaluation of decision making in children and adolescents. Method: We searched for papers published from 2000 to 2009 that studied children and/or adolescents until the age of 16 in the Lilacs and PubMed index. The papers were analyzed according to the paradigms used in the studies, the conclusions about the development of the decision-making process, and the ability to distinguish between the clinical population and the controls. Results: Thirty-six papers were selected. Compared to the amount of studies of adults, there are still few studies focusing on children and adolescents. Several versions derived from the IGT were developed in order to study decision-making processes in children and adolescents. Discussion: The IGT is the most used instrument. In preschoolers, simplified versions have been used with greater frequency. The different paradigms are useful in differentiating between normal and psychiatric disorder patients. The results are positively and significantly related to the frequency of impulsive behaviors in nonclinical populations. FG, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2011;38(3):106-15 Keywords: Decision-making, Iowa Gambling Task, executive functions, cognitive development. Mata ResumoObjetivo: Atualmente, tem havido um interesse crescente nos aspectos "quentes" das funções executivas relacionados ao córtex orbitofrontal, em particular na tomada de decisão afetiva em crianças e adolescentes. Revisamos a literatura sobre a avaliação da tomada de decisão em crianças e adolescentes utilizando o paradigma do Iowa Gambling Task e derivados. Método: Pesquisamos artigos publicados de 2000 a 2009, indexados no Lilacs e no PubMed e que estudaram crianças e/ou adolescentes até 16 anos. Os artigos foram analisados de acordo com os paradigmas utilizados nos estudos, as conclusões sobre o desenvolvimento no processo de tomada de decisão e a capacidade de distinção entre a população clínica e os controles. Resultados: Trinta e seis artigos foram selecionados. Os estudos envolvendo crianças e adolescentes ainda são poucos quando comparados àqueles realizados com população adulta. Foram desenvolvidas diversas versões derivadas do paradigma IGT a fim de estudar a tomada de decisão em crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: O IGT é o instrumento mais utilizado. Em pré-escolares, versões simplificadas têm sido utilizadas com maior frequência. Os diferentes paradigmas se mostram úteis na diferenciação entre sujeitos normais e com transtornos psiquiátricos. Os resultados se relacionam de forma positiva e significativa com a frequência de comportamentos impulsivos em populações não clínicas. FG, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2011;38(3):106-15 Palavras-chave: Tomada de decisão, Iowa Gambling Task, funções executivas, desenvolvimento cognitivo. Mata

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Construct Validity of the Iowa Gambling Task

Cited by 375 publications

References 123 publications

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

Feedback Blunting: Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Decision Making that Requires Updating Based on Feedback

Avaliação neuropsicológica do processo de tomada de decisões em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

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