“…Since it was proposed, constructal theory has been widely used in various fields [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. As one of the main fields, it has opened up new research on the optimizations of heat and mass transfer, such as heat source [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], heat conduction [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], convection heat transfer [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] and heat exchange equipment [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”