Constructed Wetland Technology for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment

Kumar, Satish; Choudhary, Anand

doi:10.1002/9781119268376.ch15

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The corrugated structure is robust against weight bearing, and the air circulating in the flutes acts as an insulator, providing extra protection against changes in temperature. Corrugated paperboard is one of the most extensively utilized materials for packaging and shipping applications as a result of its biodegradability, recyclability, flexibility, high stiffness to weight ratio, and low cost. − Paper and cardboard production is forecasted to reach a worldwide value of 490 million tons by 2020 with an average consumption of ∼60 kg per person each year. − Additionally, because of ever-increasing environmental concerns, the use of paper or paper-based materials in electronics, , photovoltaics, , photonics, and medicine has significantly increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Water-Induced Mechanical Deterioration of Cardboard by a Sequential Polymer Treatment

Cataldi

Profaizer

Bayer

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Paperboards and corrugated cardboard are some of the most used products in packaging today. Because of their geometry, i.e., undulations, they are mechanically robust and can sustain a significant amount of weight. However, exposure to water or humidity is highly destructive toward cardboard mechanical properties. Water-soaked corrugated cardboard can easily collapse with irreversible shape distortions. Various treatments have been developed to render cardboard hydrophobic including wax layers and nanoparticle treatments. However, not all hydrophobic cardboard mechanical properties can necessarily withstand water immersion or high humidity. In this work, we utilize hydrolysis-resistant polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prevent mechanical deterioration of water-immersed and humidity-exposed cardboard. TPU-treated wet cardboard featured enhanced Young modulus, tensile stress, and elongation at break by 226%, 727%, and 116%, respectively, compared to plain wet cardboard. Results outperformed a similar treatment with a hydrophobic silicone resin indicating that a hydrophobic polymer is not essential for preventing mechanical deterioration of cardboard against water. The sequential treatment by these two polymers was also very effective in the wet case with 276% enhancement in Young’s modulus and 950% boost in tensile stress. The role of silicone resin in the sequential treatment was to form durable and stable hydrophobic surface properties on the cardboard.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Water-Induced Mechanical Deterioration of Cardboard by a Sequential Polymer Treatment

Cataldi

Profaizer

Bayer

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Seafood wastewater BOD (91-99%), TSS (52-90%), TN (72-92%), and TP (72-77%) [140] Winery wastewater BOD (70%), COD (71%), TSS (87%), TKN (52%), and PO 4 3− (17%) [118] Tannery wastewater BOD (98%), COD (98%), TSS (55%), TP (87%), and NH 4 + (86%) [141] Steel industry wastewater COD (77%), NH 4 + (77%), Fe (94%), and Mn (81%) [142] Refinery wastewater COD (80%), oil (93%), BOD (88%), and TKN (86%) [143] Aquaculture wastewater COD (27%), TSS (66%), TN (67%), TP (24%), and NO 3 − (59%) [144] Textile wastewater Cr (40-50%) [145] Abattoir wastewater BOD (97%), COD (97%), TSS (94%), TN (74%), and NH 4 + (99%) [146] Distillery wastewater BOD (85%), COD (80%), TKN (75%), NO 3 − (57%), NH 4 + (2-10%), and SO 4 2− (69%) [147] Brewery wastewater TSS (89%), COD (92%), TN (83.6%), NH 4 + (92.9%), TP (74.4%), and PO 4 3− (79.5%) [148] Cheese wastewater BOD (55%), COD (72%), TSS (60%), TP (30%), and TN (50%) [149] Olive mill wastewater COD (85%), TSS (90%), TP (83%), TKN (83%), Phenol (80%), NH 4 + (54%), and NO 3 − (46%) [124] Pulp and paper wastewater COD (88%), color (96%), BOD (93%), and chlorophenols (90%) [150] Mixed industrial wastewater BOD (66%), COD (67%), NH 4 + (24%), organic-N (83%), and PO 4 3− (62%) [151]…”

Section: Wastewater Types Removals Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Process of Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation, Atmospheric Carbonation, Constructed Wetlands, or Adsorption for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Madeira,

Carvalho,

Almeida

et al. 2023

Water

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The transition from the linear economy paradigm to the circular economy in industrial wastewater treatment systems is on the global agenda. The search for new simple, eco-innovative, and low-cost processes for treating industrial wastewater, which can also be used by small and medium-sized industries, has been a constant challenge especially when environmental sustainability is considered. So, a new integrated industrial wastewater treatment system has been developed that includes the immediate one-step lime precipitation process (IOSLM) and atmospheric carbonation (AC), followed by constructed wetlands (CWs) or adsorption. The current review provides an overview of industrial wastewater treatment strategies for high- and low-biodegradable wastewater. A background on functionality, applicability, advantages and disadvantages, operating variables, removal mechanisms, main challenges, and recent advances are carried out for each process that makes up the IOSLM+AC+CW/adsorption integrated system. The prospects of the IOSLM+AC+CW/adsorption integrated system are also discussed. Not neglecting the improvements that still need to be made in the integrated treatment system as well as its application to various types of industrial wastewater, this review highlights that this treatment system is promising in industrial wastewater treatment and consequent by-product recovery. The IOSLM+AC integrated system showed that it can remove high amounts of organic matter, total suspended solids, oils and fats, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen from industrial effluents. On the other hand, constructed wetlands/adsorption can be alternatives for refining effluents still containing organic matter and nitrogen that were not possible to remove in the previous steps.

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“…Bindu et al [ 24 ] used Colocasia esculenta to conduct a laboratory‐scale study. Kumar and Choudhary [ 33 ] investigated an integrated wetland on a macrocosm scale to analyse the removal of colour, pollutants, and phenol from pulp and paper mill effluents using C. indica and Colocasia esculenta ; both offered efficient removal of pollutants. It clearly showed a plant's role in degrading or eliminating nutrients and various pollutants from wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

et al. 2022

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The scarcity of water is perceived as a systematic global risk due to increasing water demand. Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is proposed as an energetically efficient and economical process to treat greywater (GW) for non‐potable purposes. Macrophyte contributes a significant amount to the treatment process, and it depends on species, and their ecology. In this study, four single‐stage VFCW systems were planted with locally available plant species named Hymenocallis littoralis as Plant 1, Phragmites australis as Plant 2, Canna indica Plant as 3, and Colocasia as Plant 4, which were used for the treatment of GW. The mean removal efficiencies associated with Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3, and Plant 4 are 55.13%, 48.11%, 52.53%, and 56.39% for chemical oxygen demand (COD); 45.35%, 35.36%, 64.10%, and 56.39% for ammonia; and 32.97%, 20.85%, 71.57%, and 33.40% for phosphate, respectively. All systems show significant removal efficiency (more than 40%) of all pollutants, except TDS and pH. Among all the observed plants, C. indica achieved the highest removal efficiency for COD, ammonia, and phosphate. The obtained results were analyzed for the dependency of correlations with effluent, influent, and macrophytes used in the treatment system. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two principal components from 13 variables and explained 50.25%, 47.47%, and 45.62% variance of normalized datasets in VFCW. The PCA also shows significant correlations of plant species with different targeted effluent parameters.

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Constructed Wetland Technology for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Preventing Water-Induced Mechanical Deterioration of Cardboard by a Sequential Polymer Treatment

Preventing Water-Induced Mechanical Deterioration of Cardboard by a Sequential Polymer Treatment

Integrated Process of Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation, Atmospheric Carbonation, Constructed Wetlands, or Adsorption for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

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