Constructing ultrathin TiO2 protection layers via atomic layer deposition for stable lithium metal anode cycling

Wang, Mingming; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cao, Tianci; Niu, Jiajia; Wu, Rui; Liu, Xianqiang; Zhang, Yuefei

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.158748

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Other materials such as ZnO and Ti 2 O 3 oxide layers have demonstrated similar transport mechanism as Al 2 O 3 . [96,108] In summary, the experimental results discussed supported that fact that Al 2 O 3 has the tendency to diffuse the lithium ion flux and lower the nucleation barrier via lithiumaluminum lithiation process. The physical resiliency of Al 2 O 3 thin film has the ability to constrain dendrite growth.…”

Section: Metal Oxidessupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Wang et al constructed an ultrathin TiO 2 (5 nm) using ALD technique. [108] After 100 cycles at 0.5 C charge-discharge current density, the Li/TiO 2 ||NCM622 full-cell demonstrated superior rate performance and long-cycle performance, with capacity retention increased by 23.3% compared to the unmodified cell. Similar to Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 also displays lithiation behaviors.…”

Section: Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Qian

Zheng

et al. 2022

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Anode‐less lithium metal batteries (ALMBs), whether employing liquid or solid electrolytes, have significant advantages such as lowered costs and increased energy density over lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Among many issues, dendrite growth and non‐uniform plating which results in poor coulombic efficiency are the key issues that viciously decrease the longevity of the ALMBs. As a result, lowering the nucleation barrier and facilitating lithium growth towards uniform plating is even more critical in ALMBs. While extensive reviews have focused to describe strategies to achieve high performance in LMBs and ALMBs, this review focuses on strategies designed to directly facilitate nucleation and growth of dendrite‐free ALMBs. The review begins with a discussion of the primary components of ALMBs, followed by a brief theoretical analysis of the nucleation and growth mechanism for ALMBs. The review then emphasizes key examples for each strategy in order to highlight the mechanisms and rationale that facilitate lithium plating. By comparing the structure and mechanisms of key materials, the review discusses their benefits and drawbacks. Finally, major trends and key findings are summarized, as well as an outlook on the scientific and economic gaps in ALMBs.

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Section: Metal Oxidessupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Qian

Zheng

et al. 2022

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“…Bare LCO (BLCO) powders were purchased from Tianjin Guoan Mengguli ( D 50 = 14.2 μm, initial discharge capacity at 4.5 V = 187 mA h g –1 ), which were able to be stably cycled at 4.35 V through a trace amount of Al doping (0.32 wt %). The ALD device applied in this work was a fully self-designed MINI-4TALD system (Zhejiang Qiyue Technology Co., Ltd.) with a 4-inch round work platform and up to 350 °C deposition temperatures, which was already successfully applied in previous works for different coating materials. − ALD was applied to coat LCO powders using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H 2 O as precursors in a self-designed reactor, and the deposition temperature was set to be 150 °C. Each ALD cycle included five steps: (1) pulsing of the water precursors within 0.1 s, (2) purging of residues by nitrogen within 10 s, (3) pulsing of the TMA precursors within 0.1 s, (4) purging of residues by nitrogen within 10 s, and (5) removing all gases and residual reactants by vacuum within 15 s. The coating samples with different thicknesses were obtained by repeating the above steps for 8 (CLCO 8), 40 (CLCO 40), and 80 cycles (CLCO 80), and approximately 1 nm alumina can be deposited every eight cycles.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultralong Lifespan for High-Voltage LiCoO₂ Enabled by In Situ Reconstruction of an Atomic Layer Deposition Coating Layer

Cao

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Although the rapid development of electrical energy storage devices has slowed down environmental pollution, their largescale application has posed huge challenges to battery-related mineral resources; thus, extending the lifespan of high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is of great importance. Surface oxide coating is considered as the most common low-cost modification method for addressing unstable cycling performance. However, studies have shown that the oxide layer would further react with an electrolyte, while the investigation on the corresponding component evolution is lacking. Herein, a typical example utilizing the above reaction to realize surface reconstruction is presented. Applying atomic layer deposition (ALD), originally, an ultrathin Al 2 O 3 layer is coated on the LCO surface; however, this coating layer has undergone reconstruction after reacting with electrolyte decomposition products during the cycling. Compared with simple coating, the in situ formed Li 3 AlF 6 layer has a tighter binding to the LCO surface while possessing good Li + conductivity and electrochemical stability. In addition, the unique properties of the ALD technology allow us to achieve ultrathin (1 nm) and conformal coating, which is beneficial for electronic conductivity and cycling stability. Furthermore, the surface phase transition layer stripping failure mechanism has first been revealed to explain the loss of Co and O, while the reconstructed Li 3 AlF 6 effectively suppresses the surface stripping. Thus, excellent high-voltage performance has been realized (an 89% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 4.5 V and an 88% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 4.6 V). This work casts a new understanding on the surface reconstruction of the oxide coating layer, which is also significant for other electrode materials' modification.

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“…Li coated with a 5 nm (50 ALD cycles) TiO 2 film has also demonstrated significant improvements in air stability, cycling stability, and rate capability [ 92 ]. After 8 h of air exposure, most of the TiO 2 -protected Li surface maintained its initial silver-white color with only some local areas displaying signs of tarnish while bare Li was completely corroded.…”

Section: Surface Modifications On Alkali Metals Via Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition as Surface Engineering Techniques for Emerging Alkali Metal Rechargeable Batteries

2022

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Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, and potassium) are promising as anodes in emerging rechargeable batteries, ascribed to their high capacity or abundance. Two commonly experienced issues, however, have hindered them from commercialization: the dendritic growth of alkali metals during plating and the formation of solid electrolyte interphase due to contact with liquid electrolytes. Many technical strategies have been developed for addressing these two issues in the past decades. Among them, atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) have been drawing more and more efforts, owing to a series of their unique capabilities. ALD and MLD enable a variety of inorganic, organic, and even inorganic-organic hybrid materials, featuring accurate nanoscale controllability, low process temperature, and extremely uniform and conformal coverage. Consequently, ALD and MLD have paved a novel route for tackling the issues of alkali metal anodes. In this review, we have made a thorough survey on surface coatings via ALD and MLD, and comparatively analyzed their effects on improving the safety and stability of alkali metal anodes. We expect that this article will help boost more efforts in exploring advanced surface coatings via ALD and MLD to successfully mitigate the issues of alkali metal anodes.

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Constructing ultrathin TiO2 protection layers via atomic layer deposition for stable lithium metal anode cycling

Cited by 38 publications

References 65 publications

Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Ultralong Lifespan for High-Voltage LiCoO₂ Enabled by In Situ Reconstruction of an Atomic Layer Deposition Coating Layer

Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition as Surface Engineering Techniques for Emerging Alkali Metal Rechargeable Batteries

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Constructing ultrathin TiO2 protection layers via atomic layer deposition for stable lithium metal anode cycling

Cited by 38 publications

References 65 publications

Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries

Ultralong Lifespan for High-Voltage LiCoO2 Enabled by In Situ Reconstruction of an Atomic Layer Deposition Coating Layer

Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition as Surface Engineering Techniques for Emerging Alkali Metal Rechargeable Batteries

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Ultralong Lifespan for High-Voltage LiCoO₂ Enabled by In Situ Reconstruction of an Atomic Layer Deposition Coating Layer