Construction and coulodynamic characterization of PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape bilayer artificial muscles

Abstract

a Polypyrrole-dodecylbenzenesulphonate-multi-walled carbon nanotube (PPy-DBS-MWCNT) films, thick enough (48.6 µm) to be peeled off from the steel electrode, were electrogenerated. Bilayer PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape artificial muscles were constructed and submitted to potential sweeps with parallel video-recording of their angular displacements. The coulodynamic (angle-charge) responses reveal that the composite shrinks/swells by oxidation/reduction, respectively, due to the reaction-driven cation exchange. Reversible bending movements of 106° occur under faradaic (linear) control of the consumed charge. Minor deviations and hysteresis were identified with irreversible reactions and osmotic processes. The muscle is a faradaic motor.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyurethane/polypyrrole‐p‐toluenesulfonate (PU/PPy‐pTS) electroactive nanofibrous bending actuator

“…For example, the bending actuation of the PPy‐dodecylbenzensulfonic acid (PPy‐DBS) and PPy‐paraphenolsulfonic acid (PPy‐HpPS) film actuators in NaCl aqueous solution in a potential cycle between −1.0 and 0.7 V has been obtained as 35° and 14°, respectively . In another work, PPy‐DBS‐MWCNT actuators showed bending movement of 106° in a potential cycle between −1.2 and 0.7 V in 0.1M NaClO 4 aqueous solution . Also, PU/PEDOT nanofibrous actuators in the electrolyte solution of 2M NaCl under potential of 3 V showed a bending displacement about 90°.…”

“…Considering the favorable properties of PPy such as biocompatibility, desirable strain rate, easy production, and providing electroactive property in pHs ranging between 4 and 11 (suitable for the body), developing polymer film actuators using PPy has been well documented . To our knowledge, no research has ever been conducted on developing nanofibrous bending actuators based on PPy polymer.…”

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of self-supported polypyrrole-DBS-MWCNT electrodes

“…Thus, the PPy-DBS-MWCNT composite film includes two different active centers: CNT* and PPy*, understood as those points where a positive charge will be stored after oxidation. Each of the constituent active centers will follow its specific electrochemical reaction [72]:…”

Recent Advances on Polypyrrole Electroactuators

“…Another limitation of monolithic CP electroactuators is the time hysteresis on strain generation due to inherent mechanical resistance, which prevents their use in high-speed applications. To address these issues, in bi- and trilayered CP implementations, a flexible and much more conductive film, such as a strip of gold-coated Kapton ® tape or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, has been employed as a substrate to reinforce the mechanical strength and deliver a uniform current density to the CP film [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. This approach is effective to achieve quick and uniform bending strain, but brings about the risk of delamination which has become a major challenge for the devolvement of multilayered electroactuators.…”