“…The electrostatic action created by the polysaccharide resulted in a decrease in the degree of swelling and an increase in the viscoelasticity of the hydrogels under acidic conditions, which is comparable with the results obtained with the addition of lap. Wang Y et al ( Wang et al, 2023 , Wang et al, 2023 , Yang et al, 2023 , Zheng et al, 2023 ) utilized chitosan with a deacetylation degree exceeding 90 % as the primary material. By introducing catechol groups onto the surface of mussel adhesion proteins through the electrostatic interaction method, they successfully harnessed the amino group on the chitosan chain to facilitate a joint reaction through electrostatic interactions with the sulfonic acid group of the thermo-sensitive monomer, n -isopropyl acrylamide.…”