“…Attempts to use recombinant E. coli strains to produce ®ne chemicals by redox-reactions have thus far concentrated on the production of dihydrodiols (Reddy et al, 1999;Tsai, et al, 1996;Wahbi et al, 1996;Wubbolts and Timmis, 1990;Zeyer et al, 1985), and alkanoic acids (Favre-Bulle et al, 1991;1993;Rothen et al, 1998;Wubbolts et al, 1996), or on pathway engineering requiring the incorporation of multiple reaction steps in a host cell (Draths and Frost, 1994;Draths et al, 1992a;1992b;French et al, 1995;Park et al, 1998). The latter approach has led to a process on the 30 m 3 scale for the production of indigo employingÐamong other enzymesÐrecombinant naphthalene dioxygenase, which is probably the ®rst commercial process development involving a recombinant oxygenase.…”