Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy

A fundamental role of the solvent polarity and remote substitution of the 2-(4-R-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline framework in controlling the ground- and excited-state properties of Re(i) chromophores [ReCl(CO)3(R-C6H4-imphen)]

“…1–20 Possessing the 1,10-phenanthroline unit with strong abilities to bind transition metals, imidazo[4,5- f ][1,10]phenanthrolines have also become very popular ligands for controlling the photophysical and antiproliferative behaviour of transition metal complexes. They have been combined with numerous transition metal ions including Cu( i ), 21–25 Cu( ii ), 26–28 Ru( ii ), 29–40 and Ir( iii ). 41–46 The vast majority of these coordination compounds have potential uses in anticancer therapy, 26–28,31,34–37,39–46 bioimaging, 32,47 the conversion of solar energy, 22,29 organic light-emitting diodes, 21,23,48–50 photoredox catalysis, 38,51,52 and luminescence sensing.…”

“…They have been combined with numerous transition metal ions including Cu( i ), 21–25 Cu( ii ), 26–28 Ru( ii ), 29–40 and Ir( iii ). 41–46 The vast majority of these coordination compounds have potential uses in anticancer therapy, 26–28,31,34–37,39–46 bioimaging, 32,47 the conversion of solar energy, 22,29 organic light-emitting diodes, 21,23,48–50 photoredox catalysis, 38,51,52 and luminescence sensing. 30,38,53–56 Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to Re( i ) carbonyl chromophores with 1 H -imidazo[4,5- f ][1,10]phenanthrolines, 47,49,57–66 in contrast to phenanthroline Re( i ) carbonyl complexes [Re(CO) 3 X(N∩N)] n + ( n = 0 or 1), which have a very rich history in coordination chemistry and largely contribute to the understanding of photophysical and light-induced electron-transfer and electronic energy-transfer processes.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Possessing the 1,10-phenanthroline unit with strong abilities to bind transition metals, imidazo [4,5-f ] [1,10] phenanthrolines have also become very popular ligands for controlling the photophysical and antiproliferative behaviour of transition metal complexes. They have been combined with numerous transition metal ions including Cu(I), [21][22][23][24][25] Cu(II), [26][27][28] Ru(II), [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and Ir(III). [41][42][43][44][45][46] The vast majority of these coordination compounds have potential uses in anticancer...…”

Ruthenium Complexes as Potential Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors for Targeted Chemotherapy

“…Rosenberg's 1965 discovery of cis‐diamine dichloroplatinum (II), i. e. cisplatin, [1] and its successors are among the most efficacious chemotherapeutic drugs now in clinical usage (Figure 1), and are commonly considered as first‐line treatment for testicular, [2] and ovarian [3] tumours. They are, nevertheless, not without flaws.…”

Ru(ii)arene(N^N bpy/phen)-based RAPTA complexes for in vitro anti-tumour activity in human glioblastoma cancer cell lines and in vivo toxicity studies in a zebrafish model

“…The early success of NAMI-A ((ImH)[trans-RuCl 4 (dmso-S)(Im)], Im ¼ imidazole) and KP1019/1339 (KP1019 ¼ (IndH)[trans-RuCl 4 (Ind) 2 ], Ind ¼ indazole; KP1339 ¼ Na[trans-RuCl 4 (Ind) 2 ]), therefore, led to extensive exploration of ruthenium compounds, conrming their acceptance in the arena of cancer chemotherapy. 11,12 Ruthenium complexes are considered a delightful choice for cancer therapy due to several reasons: (a) they constitute thermodynamically stable coordination compounds with a low rate of ligand exchange, enabling them to reach specic biological targets without being altered; (b) they display variable oxidation states that are stable under physiological conditions; and (c) they are capable of imitating iron for transportation aer binding with various biomolecules, affording low toxicities. 13 In 2004, a new class of RAPTA (ruthenium(II)arene PTA) complexes associated with phosphaadamantane as well as arene ligands were developed, where PTA stands for 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane.…”