Selectively anchoring active centers on the external
surface for
forming highly exposed acid sites is a highly desirable but challenging
task in zeolite catalyst synthesis. Herein, a defect-guided etching-regrowth
strategy is rationally designed for facilely positioning Sn Lewis
acid sites on the outer surface of the Sn-B-Beta while fabricating
a bifunctional hierarchical structure. The synthesis was conducted
by hydrothermal treatment of the as-made B-Beta (uncalcined), which
has intrinsic defects of the BEA structure, with Sn source and basic
organic structure directing agent (SDA). Under a moderate SDA concentration,
with blocked micropore channels, such SDA-triggered etching-regrowth
will proceed along the defect defined pathway, which ensures Sn selectively
anchored on the external surface. Moreover, this methodology has exclusively
introduced tetrahedrally coordinated framework Sn with open Sn sites
as the predominated species. Mono- and disaccharide isomerizations
in ethanol over different Sn-Beta catalysts proved the prominent advantages
of the hierarchical structure with highly exposed and synergetic acid
sites.