“…Extensions of micropolar theory to elasto-plasticity, for the purpose of modelling the strain localization phenomenon in plastic deformations, have been carried out in several research papers (e.g., de Borst (1993); Steinmann (1994); ; ; Bauer et al (2012b)). Various micropolar beam (Ramezani et al, 2009a;Hassanpour and Heppler, 2016;Chowdhury and Reddy, 2019;Obrezkov et al, 2022;Sargsyan and Khachatryan, 2022;La Valle and Falsone, 2023), plate (Abadikhah and Folkow, 2015;Fares et al, 2023), and shell (Eremeyev and Altenbach, 2017;Zozulya, 2018) formulations have been also developed in the literature. Additionally, the micropolar theory has been used in the modeling of granular materials, phononic crystals, lattice structures, crystal plasticity, bone mechanics, and auxetic lattices (e.g., Mayeur et al (2011) As was mentioned above, micropolar theory can model the deformation of materials subjected to body couples.…”