Construction of the problem of Latin gangs in Spain and response of the law enforcement system

Kazyrytski, Leanid

doi:10.1007/s10610-017-9344-3

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Spain’s territorial foothold in Morocco (Ceuta and Melilla) and its close proximity to Muslim North Africa also makes it a favored site of illegal activity between Europe and North Africa, such as drug trafficking involving both Muslim and non-Muslim actors 57 . And Spain’s uniquely profound historical and linguistic connection with Latin America renders it a preferred European location for Latino-gangs 58 .…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals

Gómez

Atran

Chinchilla

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Is terrorism just another form of criminal activity, as many nations’ justice systems assume? We offer an initial answer using face-to-face interviews and structured surveys in thirty-five Spanish prisons. Recent theories of extreme sacrifice inform this direct observational and comparative study. Islamist terrorists display levels of self-sacrifice for their primary reference group similar to that of Latino gangs, but greater willingness to sacrifice for primary values than other inmates (non-radical Muslims, Latino gangs, and delinquent bands). This disposition is motivated by stronger perceived injustice, discrimination, and a visceral commitment to such values (risk/radicalization factors). Nevertheless, state authorities, prison staff, and families are (protective/de-radicalization) factors apt to reduce willingness to sacrifice and keep foreign fighters, now being released in large numbers, from returning to terrorism.

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Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals

Gómez

Atran

Chinchilla

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Various countries have experienced crime and violence committed by groups (Ayling and Broadhurst 2014;Geurtjens et al 2018;Kazyrytski 2017;Klein et al 2006;Monterosso 2018;Paoli 2003;Van Ham et al 2020;Varese 2020). These countries have developed their own legal approach to combat the crimes and membership of these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dutch law enforcement, however, is able to request the civil court to ban OMCGs given the OMCGs' status as legal associations. More commonly, group crime is committed by groups without any legal basis, such as street gangs and organized crime groups (Kazyrytski 2017;Klein et al 2006;Paoli 2003;Varese 2020). Therefore, it would be interesting to compare the legal instrument(s) used to address membership of and crimes committed by such groups to those committed by OMCG members, in the Netherlands and in other countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Countries have been confronted with crime and violence committed by various types of criminal groups, varying from (juvenile) street gangs to hooligan firms, and from outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) to mafia-type organizations (Barker 2018;Bjørgo 2019;Kazyrytski 2017;Klein et al 2006;Paoli 2003;Van Ham et al 2020;Varese 2020). Countries use very different judicial approaches to membership and crimes committed by such groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Dutch judicial approach to various types of co-offending among members of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

et al. 2022

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The Dutch criminal law system is based on individual liability, yet part of the crime and violence Outlaw Motorcycle Gang (OMCG) members commit is collective in nature. This study examines the criminal law approach towards collective criminal behavior of OMCG members. The study analyzes police files and court judgements of criminal law cases that were filed against members of Dutch OMCGs. Additionally, interviews were carried out with public prosecutors involved in these criminal cases. The results show that it is often difficult to legally address OMCGs as criminal organizations or weigh the mere symbolic contribution of fellow club members to crime, such as the use of the OMCGs’ violent reputation. Furthermore, the results suggest that in order to circumvent legal difficulties in addressing group symbolism and OMCGs as collectives via criminal law, the Dutch Public Prosecution Office has recently opted for a stronger interplay between criminal and civil law, targeting both individual OMCG members and the structural aspects of OMCGs. Future research is needed to establish which (interplays between) legal instruments are most effective in responding to collective criminal behavior.

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“…In 2019, in Spain, the situation has changed, as the number of young people belonging to gangs in prison has grown exponentially, although it is not clear if this is due to a criminal evolution of the gangs or rather to the criminalization policies applied by the state after the reform of the criminal code in 2010, reinforced by the Circular 2/2011 of the General Attorney's Office, where the 'Latino gangs' are specifically mentioned, highlighting "their extremely violent criminal activity, [which] is carried out in groups of 10 to 15 or more individuals, when it deals with crimes against life or physical integrity, and fights or tumultuous disputes between rival gangs; or in small groups of 3 to 5 members in cases of robbery with violence or threats" (quoted in Queirolo Palmas, 2017, p.129; see also Kazyrytski, 2017).…”

Section: Youth Gang and Violence: State Power And Social Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

La (Trans) banda: notas y cuestiones para la investigación con grupos juveniles de calle

Feixa¹,

Sánchez-García²,

Isern³

et al. 2019

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This text presents the key concepts of the TRANSGANG project in the form of answers to seven research questions: what, when, who, why, where, how and what for. We start by defining the conceptual triangle configured by the title: Transnational Gangs as agents of Mediation (What). The central chapters give the historical context: Neoliberal States (When); the central study subjects: Gangs (Who); the proactive approach: Mediation (Why); the border spaces to be researched in the three regions: the Americas, North Africa and Southern Europe (Where); and the methodological perspective adopted (How). The final concluding chapter explores the expected impact of the research, from resistance to resilience through empowerment (What For). The text includes a complete list of related literature ordered by topics and regions, and a specific Glossary.

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Construction of the problem of Latin gangs in Spain and response of the law enforcement system

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals

Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals

The Dutch judicial approach to various types of co-offending among members of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

La (Trans) banda: notas y cuestiones para la investigación con grupos juveniles de calle

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