Construction, test and operation of a proton range radiography system

Development of a head scanner for proton CT

“…Since the energy loss in the phantom can't be measured directly, straggling in the phantom limits the accuracy of the energy/range measurement. A residual range detector [15] will always encounter the maximum range straggling, independent of the depth of the phantom, since the straggling material in phantom and range counter simply add. Geant4 simulations have shown that for 200 MeV protons, a polystyrene range counter with has almost constant resolution of close to 4 mm for plate thickness between 1 mm and 6 mm.…”

Proof of principle of helium‐beam radiography using silicon pixel detectors for energy deposition measurement, identification, and tracking of single ions

“…The additional directional information was used in so‐called most likely path algorithms to improve the spatial resolution. There are several further groups, for example, AQUA, PRIMA, and PRaVDA, working on tracking systems with a variety of different detection technologies for pCT and pRad …”

“…There are several further groups, for example, AQUA, PRIMA, and PRaVDA, working on tracking systems with a variety of different detection technologies for pCT 27 and pRad. 28,29 However, there is still no combination of detection system and hadron that has been shown to be optimal for the clinical application of hadron imaging. Topics of ongoing discussion include the choice of suitable hadrons, 30 which influences the spatial resolution and the applied dose, the reduction of the thickness/material budget of the particle trackers that affect the spatial resolution due to MCS, 31 and the use of different detection systems for the energy/range measurement that influence the density resolution.…”

A pencil beam approach to proton computed tomography

“…19 Several prototypes of pCT scanners exist in the world, combining different solutions for tracking devices and calorimetry. Silicon strip detectors, [19][20][21] triple-GEM, 22 and scintillating fibers 23 have been considered as trackers and crystal 20,21,24 or range detector 19,22 solutions have been considered for the energy measurements. Detector upgrades to increase the data rate to reach 1 MHz (Ref.…”