“…It has been shown, for example, that the 'main clause' of what is classically considered a bi-clausal pattern (e.g., involving a complement-taking-predicate) often occurs in talk-in-interaction as a routinized "fragment" (e.g., English I dunno), that is, a grammaticized marker of epistemic/evidential/evaluative stance. 3 'Main clauses' have also been shown to function as projecting constructions, or even as prototypical discourse markers (Maschler, 2009), that foreshadow certain types of action-or turn-trajectories to come (Thompson, 2002;Maschler, 2012Maschler, , 2017Pekarek Doehler, 2016;Polak-Yitzhaki & Maschler, 2016;Deppermann, 2011;Keevallik, 2011, Pekarek Doehler, forthcoming). For instance, French je sais pas 'I don't know', in its morphophonologically reduced forms chais pas or ch'pas, can be used as a device for projecting a dispreferred response, as illustrated in excerpt 1.…”