“…Although somatization is a universal psychopathological phenomenon (Koh, 2018), extensive research has indicated that people influenced by Chinese cultures (such as those living in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan) tend to somatize depressive symptoms more than Westerners (Kleinman, 1977;Lin & Winter, 2020;Ma-Kellams, 2014;Ryder et al, 2008;Tseng, 1975;Zong, 1996). Notably, there are also more women than men with MUS in most Western and non-Western countries (Malterud, 2000;Wu, 2010;Tsai, Tsai, & Shih, 2014;Zhang, Hu & Ye, 2006).…”