Consumer protection and risk assessment: sensitising substances in consumer products

Thierse, Hermann‐Josef; Luch, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s40629-019-0093-3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Summarizing, this study shows for the first time that TCRs with α‐chain segment TRAV9‐2 and a histidine in their α‐ or β‐chain CDR3 are linked to Ni‐specific CD4+ T cell activation. The CD154 upregulation assay may help to identify active allergy and may be extended to other contact allergens for the future development of diagnostic and predictive tests 54‐56 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TCRs with segment TRAV9‐2 or a CDR3 histidine are overrepresented among nickel‐specific CD4+ T cells

Aparicio‐Soto

Riedel

Leddermann

et al. 2020

Allergy

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Background: Nickel is the most frequent cause of T cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis worldwide. In vitro, CD4+ T cells from all donors respond to nickel but the involved αβ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has not been comprehensively analyzed. Methods: We introduce CD154 (CD40L) upregulation as a fast, unbiased, and quantitative method to detect nickel-specific CD4+ T cells ex vivo in blood of clinically characterized allergic and non allergic donors. Naïve (CCR7+ CD45RA+) and memory (not naïve) CD154+ CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after 5 hours of stimulation with 200 µmol/L NiSO 4 ., TCR α-and β-chains of sorted nickel-specific and control cells were studied by high-throughput sequencing. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with NiSO 4 induced CD154 expression on ~0.1% (mean) of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. In allergic donors with recent positive patch test, memory frequencies further increased ~13-fold and were associated with markers of in vivo activation. CD154 expression was TCR-mediated since single clones could be This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CD154 upregulation assay may help to identify active allergy and may be extended to other contact allergens for the future development of diagnostic and predictive tests. [54][55][56]…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

TCRs with segment TRAV9‐2 or a CDR3 histidine are overrepresented among nickel‐specific CD4+ T cells

Aparicio‐Soto

Riedel

Leddermann

et al. 2020

Allergy

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“…Wir kennen allergische und anaphylaktische Reaktionen auf Wirk-und Zusatzstoffe von jeder Art von Impfstoffen, aber auch von Biologika und vielen anderen Medikamenten [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Diskussion Und Zusammenfassungunclassified

Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen – Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten – Teil 1: Allgemeine Aspekte von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, immunologische Grundlagen von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und pseudoallergischen Reaktionen; Teil 2: Charakteristiken der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2 und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19, weitere Impfstoff-Kandidaten und assoziierte Immunphänomene; Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf COVID-1

Klimek

Chaker

Cuevas

2021

Laryngorhinootologie

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ZusammenfassungImpfungen sind der Goldstandard zur Prophylaxe gefährlicher Infektionserkrankungen. Innerhalb weniger als 12 Monaten seit Entschlüsselung der kodierenden RNA-Sequenzen von SARS-CoV-2 wurden bereits 2 RNA-Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 in wesentlichen Teilen der Welt zugelassen und seit Dezember 2020 eingesetzt. Der Herausforderung durch eine beispiellose globale Pandemie folgte in bisherig einmaliger Art und Weise der Zusammenarbeit und koordinierten Antwort die Entwicklung verschiedener Impfstoffe basierend auf unterschiedlichen Technologieplattformen. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Charakteristiken der in Prüfung befindlichen sowie bereits zugelassenen Impfstoffe dargestellt und erklärt, z. B. Subunit-Impfstoffe, inaktivierte Vollimpfstoffe, abgeschwächte Lebendimpfstoffe und Virus-like-Particle (VLP) -Impfstoffe. Die neuartigen rekombinanten Impfstoffstrategien basierend auf adenoviralen Vektoren sowie die durch die schnelle Entwicklung und erstmalige Zulassung in den Fokus gerückten RNA-Impfstoffe sowie ihre Biologie und Pharmakologie werden erläutert. Allergische Reaktionen gegen diese Impfstoffe und Bestandteile existieren, sind aber selten. Immunreaktionen sowie Nebenwirkungen sollten gut dokumentiert werden. In seltenen Fällen einer vermuteten Allergie gegen Impfstoffbestandteile, vor allem gegen PEGs, ist eine präemptive Hauttestung möglich. Die Entwicklung innovativer Impfstofftechnologien und antiviraler Medikamente ist von strategischer Bedeutung im Sinne einer zukünftigen „pandemic preparedness“.

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“…Given the lack of causal therapies, reduced quality of life and even forced occupation changes, ACD constitutes a huge burden for personal and public health [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. To tackle these challenges, accurate predictive and diagnostic tests are essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals—A Systematic Review

Aparicio‐Soto

Curato

Riedel

et al. 2021

Cells

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Background: Chemical allergies are T cell-mediated diseases that often manifest in the skin as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To prevent ACD on a public health scale and avoid elicitation reactions at the individual patient level, predictive and diagnostic tests, respectively, are indispensable. Currently, there is no validated in vitro T cell assay available. The main bottlenecks concern the inefficient generation of T cell epitopes and the detection of rare antigen-specific T cells. Methods: Here, we systematically review original experimental research papers describing T cell activation to chemical skin sensitizers. We focus our search on studies published in the PubMed and Scopus databases on non-metallic allergens in the last 20 years. Results: We identified 37 papers, among them 32 (86%) describing antigen-specific human T cell activation to 31 different chemical allergens. The remaining studies measured the general effects of chemical allergens on T cell function (five studies, 14%). Most antigen-specific studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as antigen-presenting cells (APC, 75%) and interrogated the blood T cell pool (91%). Depending on the individual chemical properties, T cell epitopes were generated either by direct administration into the culture medium (72%), separate modification of autologous APC (29%) or by use of hapten-modified model proteins (13%). Read-outs were mainly based on proliferation (91%), often combined with cytokine secretion (53%). The analysis of T cell clones offers additional opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of epitope formation and cross-reactivity (13%). The best researched allergen was p-phenylenediamine (PPD, 12 studies, 38%). For this and some other allergens, stronger immune responses were observed in some allergic patients (15/31 chemicals, 48%), illustrating the in vivo relevance of the identified T cells while detection limits remain challenging in many cases. Interpretation: Our results illustrate current hardships and possible solutions to monitoring T cell responses to individual chemical skin sensitizers. The provided data can guide the further development of T cell assays to unfold their full predictive and diagnostic potential, including cross-reactivity assessments.

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Consumer protection and risk assessment: sensitising substances in consumer products

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

TCRs with segment TRAV9‐2 or a CDR3 histidine are overrepresented among nickel‐specific CD4+ T cells

TCRs with segment TRAV9‐2 or a CDR3 histidine are overrepresented among nickel‐specific CD4+ T cells

In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals—A Systematic Review

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