Consumers’ attitudes towards functional dairy market in Croatia - a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Modern consumers ask for foods that have beneficial effects beyond the traditionally known nutritional role. This is the core definition of functional foods, however, many consumers are confused with what functionality represents. Milk and dairy products stand out as the largest segment of functional foods. Given the diversity of Croatia’s functional dairy market, the aim of this study was to conduct market analysis and to analyse whether consumers’ attitudes towards functional foods in general, and specifically functional dairy products, changed throughout years (by comparing year 2011/12 to 2019). Market analysis was done according to the standardized methodology while for consumer’s attitudes an online, study-specific questionnaire was used. The same questionnaire was used for both study years. Total of 231 participants in 2011/12 and 221 in 2019 completed the questionnaire. In comparison to 2011/12, statistically less people are buying functional foods (44.3 % in 2019 vs 63.5 % in 2011/12, p=0.026) but the awareness improved over time, especially regarding probiotics. Within eight years, two new growing categories of functional dairy were identified; yoghurt with chia seeds and high-protein products, while the range of lactose-free products bloomed. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the only consistent independent indicator of consumer’s decision to buy a functional over a regular product is the self-care for health, which increases the likelihood by 50.2 %. Unlike eight years ago, pre-existence of a medical condition increases the likelihood to buy a lactose-free product (by 47.4 %), regardless of what the medical condition is. Despite some positive shifts observed, general awareness of what functionality represents and what is the intended purpose of a product is fragmentary. Our findings support the need for stronger, specifically targeted evidence-based communication towards the consumers.

Perception of Functional Food Among Croatian Consumers

“…According to the results of this research, Croatian consumers are insufficiently educated and informed about the concept of functional food products and the health benefits of these products. Furthermore, Banjari et al (2020) proved that Croatian consumers' awareness of available food products and their role in human nutrition is deficient; that is, their knowledge about available food products is scarce. They suggest manufacturers implement a specifically targeted consumer information strategy based on scientific knowledge (Banjari et al, 2020).…”

“…Furthermore, Banjari et al (2020) proved that Croatian consumers' awareness of available food products and their role in human nutrition is deficient; that is, their knowledge about available food products is scarce. They suggest manufacturers implement a specifically targeted consumer information strategy based on scientific knowledge (Banjari et al, 2020). Research on consumer attitudes toward functional food is increasingly prevalent in world literature.…”

Factors affecting the individual consumption level of milk and dairy products

“…However, milk-related stomach problems and lactose intolerance can have a negative impact on consumption, especially in women (Klesses et al, 1999). Today, there is an increasing trend towards functional dairy products that support body functions and increase resistance against infectious diseases (Wu, 2016;Banjari, Domiter, Ostrognjaj, & Petrović Vidić, 2020). Since fermented milk products such as yogurt, ayran, and kefir are easy to digest by the organism, they are superior and advantageous foods in terms of nutrition physiology.…”