Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y comportamientos violentos en estudiantes de 11 a 18 años. Itagüí, Colombia

Abstract

Objective To determine the association between consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) and violent behavior in middle and high school students (grades 6 to 11) in the municipality of Itagui, Colombia. Method Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 646 middle and high school students. Participants volunteered to fill out the survey independently and consent was provided. Participants' identity was kept anonymous. The survey contained questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, PAS consumption and violent behavior. For these variables a descriptive analysis was conducted. In addition, prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. Lastly, a multivariate analysis was performed to determine association and risk factors. Results 646 students satisfactorily answered the survey. The median age was 15 years [Rq 3]. From this sample, 45.6 % (295) were male and 54.3 % (351) were female; 59.3 % (383) had a low socio-economic status, 38.9 % (251) have a medium socio-economic status, and 0.8 % (5) have a high socio-economic status. Regarding PAS consumption, 53.4% (345) of the participants reported to have consumed at least one PAS; 46.9 % (162/345) reported to have consumed alcohol within the last year; 15.3 % (53/345) reported to have consumed marihuana. All consumed substances were found to be associated with and were identified as a risk factor for violent behavior. Conclusions SPA consumption is associated with youth violent behavior and represents a risk factor to perform such behavior. Substances such as heroin, cocaine, and ecstasy, represent greater risk when compared to other analyzed PAS. When the other variables were adjusted, cigarettes and inhalants consumption, among others, were no longer a risk factor.

Phenomenology of consumption of psycoactive substances in university students in Bogota

“…Regarding the effects derived from consumption, the effects that outstand in the study are those related to physical and mental consequences and the academic performance, as shown by the interviews. Chavarria and Segura (25) indicate that the effects are caused by changes of behavior, evidenced by low emotional regulation, low self-control and behavioral inhibition. In that sense, the UNODC (26) helps countries to implement practices, according to the international standards on drug use prevention, according to this organization, people that use certain types of drugs, as is the case of injectable drugs, can generate multiple consequences for health; as well as being at a higher risk of overdose and transmitted blood diseases or infections such as HIV and hepatitis C. Similarly, the relationship between consumption and low emotional regulation should be considered, as well as mental health problems.…”

Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con comportamiento violento en estudiantes universitarios

“…Se aplicó un formulario estructurado como técnica de recolección, con preguntas de tipo dicotómicas, politómicas y de jerarquización (Escala de Likert). Algunas preguntas fueron extraídas o tomadas de estudios anteriores similares (Chavarriaga, M., Segura, 2015; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz [INPRFM], 2015; UNODC, 2017), basadas en factores sociodemográficos que se asocian al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, así como referidas a comportamientos violentos. Se realizaron las de pruebas de validez y fiabilidad del instrumento de medición, a través de un panel de 3 expertos.…”

Consumo de alcohol y su relación con la agresividad en adolescentes de secundaria

“…Con respecto a la agresividad, se pudo observar que los adolescentes presentan niveles altos de agresividad similar a lo reportado por Chavarriaga-Ríos y Segura-Cardona (2015); la ira presentó mayor prevalencia en ambos sexos, resultado que difiere en diversos estudios donde se reporta que la agresividad física y verbal son los de mayor frecuencia (Castaño-Pérez, Restrepo-Escobar, & Uribe-Aramburo, 2014;Cleberson-de Souza & Baccarat-de Godoy, 2016;De Almeida et al, 2014;Gutiérrez-Quintanilla & Portillo-García, 2016). Los niveles altos de agresividad podrían explicarse debido a las influencias de modelos familiares y sociales; los medios de comunicación o los modelos simbólicos transmitidos gráfica o verbalmente pueden mostrar conductas agresivas como la ira, dándole un valor positivo y convirtiéndolos en los responsables de que la agresión se moldee y propague.…”

“…Lo que significa que a mayor consumo de alcohol, mayor será la agresividad que presenta el adolescente, exponiéndolo a las consecuencias negativas tanto del consumo como de la agresividad. Estos resultados coinciden con los estudios de otros autores que han sido realizados en población adolescente de diferentes países (Castaño-Pérez et al, 2014;Chavarriaga-Rios & Segura-Cardona, 2015;Cleberson-de Souza & Baccarat-de Godoy, 2016;Gardea et al, 2015;Gazquez et al, 2016).…”

“…De acuerdo con la literatura, 79.9% de los adolescentes ha experimentado agresividad y de estos, 10% refiere haber agredido a alguien bajo los efectos del alcohol. Este binomio es una de las principales causas de mortalidad, ya que diariamente fallecen 180 adolescentes relacionados con la agresividad física, además de causar lesiones y discapacidades que perduran toda la vida y que afectan su funcionamiento fisiológico, psicológico y social (Chavarriaga-Rios & Segura-Cardona, 2015;De Almeida et al, 2014).…”