Consumption and occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the aquatic environment in Spain

García, Sheyla Ortiz de; Pinto, Gilberto Pinto; Encina, Pedro Garcia Garcia; Mata, Rubén Irusta

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.057

Cited by 203 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This model attempts to predict the environmental fate of organic compounds, considering elimination processes like biodegradation, evaporation or sorption to sludge, among others. It considers a conventional WWTP that uses activated sludge as secondary treatment which is also the most common type of treatment (Ortiz de García et al, 2013). If no data was described or could not be calculated, 0% elimination was considered (30% of compounds).…”

Section: Pec Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting concentrations of cytostatic drugs in sewage effluents and surface waters of Catalonia (NE Spain)

Franquet-Griell

Gómez‐Canela

Ventura

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Section: Pec Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting concentrations of cytostatic drugs in sewage effluents and surface waters of Catalonia (NE Spain)

Franquet-Griell

Gómez‐Canela

Ventura

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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“…In 2008, two of the ten top-selling pharmaceuticals in Germany contained NA4AP (Glaeske et al 2009). About 35.5 million packages of NA4AP, each containing 20-40 pills, were sold in Spain in 2009 (Ortiz de García et al 2013).…”

Section: Na4ap In Human Nsaidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous presence of paracetamol in human urine: sources and implications

Modick¹,

Weiß²,

Dierkes³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (acetaminophen/paracetamol, NA4AP) is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs. Recent studies have reported anti-androgenic effects of NA4AP in vitro and possible associations between intrauterine exposure to NA4AP and the development of male reproductive disorders in humans. NA4AP is also a major metabolite of aniline (phenylamine), representing 75-86% of the aniline dose excreted in urine. Aniline is an important large-volume intermediate in several industrial processes. Besides individuals in various occupational settings with aniline exposure, the general population is also known to be ubiquitously exposed to aniline. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent literature concerning the intake of NA4AP during pregnancy and the possible anti-androgenic effects of NA4AP as well as literature concerning its known metabolic precursor aniline. We also present new research data, including the first human biomonitoring data on NA4AP excretion in urine, showing ubiquitous NA4AP body burdens in the general population at a wide range of concentrations. We found a small but significant impact of smoking on urinary NA4AP concentrations. We further present preliminary data on NA4AP excretion after therapeutic acetaminophen use, after aniline exposure in an occupational setting, and during a controlled fasting study (excluding oral exposure to both aniline and acetaminophen). Our findings indicate exposure to aniline (or aniline-releasing substances) as well as nutrition (next to the direct use of acetaminophen as medication) as possible sources of internal body burdens of NA4AP.Reproduction (2014) 147 R105-R117

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“…On the other hand, a much higher PEC value was observed for amoxicillin compared to the measured concentrations in raw wastewater (Zhang and Li, 2011;Ortiz de García et al 2013). This difference is mainly due to the chemical properties of this compound and its trend to degrade abiotically after excretion.…”

Section: Estimation Of Pec and Pnecmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For this reason, consumption data is often used to estimate concentrations of antimicrobials and other pharmaceuticals in wastewater and aquatic environments (StuerLauridsen et al 2000;Jones et al 2002;Carlsson et al 2006;Lee et al 2008;Turkdogan and Yetilmezsoy 2009;Besse et al 2012;Ortiz de García et al 2013). In such studies, the reliability of estimated concentrations is affected by the reliability of pharmaceuticals' consumption data as well as by the assumptions adopted concerning their excretion rates by humans and their removal efficiencies in sewage treatment plants (STPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption-based approach for predicting environmental risk in Greece due to the presence of antimicrobials in domestic wastewater

Iatrou

Stasinakis

Thomaidis

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The main objective of the current study was to estimate the potential environmental risks associated with human consumption of antimicrobials in Greece. Consumption data was collected for the 24 most often used antimicrobials for the years 2008-2010, and their predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in raw and treated wastewater were calculated using mass balances and literature data on human excretion and elimination efficiency during wastewater treatment. The ecotoxicological risk was estimated by calculating the ratio of PEC to predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for three categories of aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids, and fish). PNEC values were calculated based on experimental ecotoxicity data and data originated from the Ecological Structure Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). PEC values in raw sewage ranged between 0.02 μg L(-1) (erythromycin) and 27 μg L(-1) (amoxicillin), while in treated wastewater, the highest concentration was predicted for cefuroxime axetil (6.6 μg L(-1)). Based on acute toxicity data for algae, risk quotient (RQ) values higher than 1 were obtained for 7 out of the 24 target antimicrobials in raw and treated wastewater, while no significant risk was estimated for daphnids and fish. Regarding the possible risk due to the chronic toxicity of antimicrobials, RQ values higher than 80 were obtained for amoxicillin and clarithromycin in algae. The use of baseline toxicity data from ECOSAR showed that the environmental risk from exposure to mixtures of antimicrobials was low for all three aquatic species. However, further studies on toxicity of mixtures should be performed as calculation of toxicity ratio (TR) values showed that 90 % of the target antimicrobials seem to exhibit a specific mode of toxic action when present in mixtures rather than baseline toxicity. As a result, an underestimation of toxicity based on the ECOSAR model is possible for the mixture of target antimicrobials. For Greek rivers where low (dilution factor, D<10) and medium (D=10-100) dilution of wastewater occurs, moderate to high risk is expected due to the existence of individual antimicrobials such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin in discharged treated wastewater.

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Consumption and occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the aquatic environment in Spain

Cited by 203 publications

References 75 publications

Predicting concentrations of cytostatic drugs in sewage effluents and surface waters of Catalonia (NE Spain)

Predicting concentrations of cytostatic drugs in sewage effluents and surface waters of Catalonia (NE Spain)

Ubiquitous presence of paracetamol in human urine: sources and implications

Consumption-based approach for predicting environmental risk in Greece due to the presence of antimicrobials in domestic wastewater

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