Consumption of filtered and boiled coffee and the risk of incident cancer: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential relevance of brewing method in investigations of coffee consumption and cancer risk, but they must be confirmed in future studies.

Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: an up-to-date meta-analysis

“…If coffee consumption was indicated by ml (or g), 21,22 we defined 250 ml (or 250 g) of coffee equal to 1 cup. If coffee consumption was measured in a times/day (or occasions/day or drinks/day) scale, 11,23,24 we assumed the scale equals to cups/day.…”

Coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer: An updated meta-analysis

“…As the characteristics presented in Table 1, there were 8 studies [9,[13][14][15][23][24][25][26], including 312,993 volunteers in this meta-analysis. And after 10-18 years follow-up, a total of 1429 volunteers were diagnosed with gastric cancer.…”

“…In addition, previous studies have found that smoking, alcohol intake, salt or salted food intake, and low intake of fruit and vegetables were the known risk factors for development of stomach cancers [4][5][6]. Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, especially in Sweden and the United States [7][8][9]. It is well known that coffee contains numerous substances with potentially genotoxic and mutagenic properties [10][11][12], which has raised the concern that high consumption of coffee might increase the risk of many chronic diseases and the development of various malignancies.…”

Soft drinks, sweetened beverages and risk of pancreatic cancer

“…In the early 1980s, coffee (a major source of caffeine) was related to pancreatic cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study, where the comparison group included patients with chronic diseases, including other cancers [12]. Subsequent studies did not consistently confirm the relation [13], thus the issue remains open to discussion [14].…”